The Roosmalen's Dwarf Porcupine inhabits the southern Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Dutch botanist and ecologist Marc van Roosmalen discovered it in 2001. 

Roosmalen's Dwarf Porcupine is smaller than other porcupine species, weighing only about 2 pounds as an adult. Its shorter quills are less dense and have bands of black and white. Additionally, its prehensile tails help it navigate through dense trees. 

This nocturnal species spends its days in the safety of hollow trees or burrows. It ventures out at night to forage for food. Its diet consists of leaves, fruits, and bark, with a preference for certain palm fruits.

Their reproduction is slow, and they give birth only to a single offspring after a gestation period of about seven months.