Caninae, whose members are known as canines (/keɪnaɪnz/),[6]: 182  is the only living subfamily within Canidae, alongside the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae.[7][1] They first appeared in North America, during the Oligocene around 35 million years ago, subsequently spreading to Asia and elsewhere in the Old World at the end of the Miocene,[6]: 122  some 7 million to 8 million years ago.[7]