The Bahia Hairy Dwarf Porcupine measures about 24 inches long, not counting the tail. It also has short, dense spines hidden beneath coarse, brown hair. 

It is a nocturnal animal that feeds on leaves, fruits, and bark; it forages alone for food and shelter but seeks companionship only during the mating season. 

The species wards off potential threats by raising its quills and rattling when threatened. Moreover, it disperses seeds around the forest floor, contributing to the biodiversity of Brazil's lush forests.