Sarhul the Spring Festival

Sarhul, the spring festival, holds significant cultural importance for indigenous tribes such as the Mundas, Oraons, and Santhals. Particularly for the Oraon community, it stands out as the largest spring festival observed during the months of March and April. In their native language, it is referred to as “Khaddi,” symbolizing the symbolic union or marriage of the earth. The significance of the forest flower known as sakhua or Sal is paramount as it symbolizes the cultural importance deeply rooted within the forest ecosystem. Despite their inherent significance, forest flowers often go unnoticed, highlighting the need to acknowledge and appreciate their cultural and ecological value. During this festival, reverence is bestowed upon Dharti Mata, as, the wife of Lord Rama encompassing the celebration of all forms of nature.This festival exemplifies the indigenous tribes’ conviction in the autonomy of their nature-centric worship practices which shows their core value of religion different from brahamnical ideologies. It underscores their deep-rooted gratitude towards nature for the sustenance and resources it provides, showcasing a distinct cultural reverence for their environment and its bounty.

This festival provides a strong sense of identity, particularly for theOraon tribe who predominantly engaged in agriculture, adheres to Sarnaism as its religious belief system which is not Hinduism revering nature as integral to their spirituality, this community celebrates the festival by offering homage to trees and various natural elements.

Dry Eye and Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the oil glands in the eyelids. The condition is a common cause of dry eyes. This disorder is commonly associated with skin or bacterial conditions. While it can be irritating, the condition does not cause permanent vision impairment. Blepharitis is normally defined by its location on the eyelid. Anterior blepharitis occurs on the outer edge of the eyelids while posterior blepharitis occurs on the inner edges of the lids.

Species New to Science

Seven species of the family Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) are newly recorded from Myanmar, including a new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907, Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. A total of 18 species of Megaloptera are now known from Myanmar.

Keywords: Megaloptera, Corydalinae, Chauliodinae, Protohermes, taxonomy, Burma

Tracking the history of Corydalus peruvianus Davis, 1903 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Brazil

Barclay, A., Portman, R.W. & Hill, P.S.M. (2005) Tracheal gills of the dobsonfly larvae, or hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus L. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 78, 181–185. https://doi.org/10.2317/0409.23.1
Contreras-Ramos, A. (1998) Systematics of the dobsonfly genus Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, 360 pp. https://doi.org/10.4182/KKIO9247
Contreras-Ramos, A. (2011) Phylogenetic review of dobsonflies of the subfamily Corydalinae and the genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 2862 (1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2862.1.1
Cover, M.R. & Resh, V.H. (2008) Global diversity of dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies (Megaloptera; Insecta) and spongillaflies, nevrorthids, and osmylids (Neuroptera; Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9035-z
Gama-Neto, J.L. & Passos, M.A.B. (2018) Primeiro registro de Corydalus peruvianus Davis (Megaloptera: Coridalidae: Coridalinae) no Brasil. EntomoBrasilis, 11 (1), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.704
Glorioso, M.J. (1981) Systematics of the dobsonfly subfamily Corydalinae (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Systematic Entomology, 6, 253–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00440.x
Hall, D.W. (2013) Eastern dobsonfly (adult), hellgrammite (larva) Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae). EDIS, 6, EENY 414. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in987-2013
Hamada, N. & Azevêdo, C.A.S. (2024) Megaloptera Latreille, 1802. In: Rafael, J.A., Melo, G.A.R., de Carvalho, C.J.B., Casari, S.A. & Constantino, R. (Eds.), Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia. 2nd Edition. Holos Editora, Ribeirão Preto, pp. 546–551. https://doi.org/10.61818/56330464c28
Hoover, J.J., Gage, K.L. & Paulissen, M.S. (1988) Hellgrammite respiration - temperature’s role in ectotherm physiology. The American Biology Teacher, 50, 39–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448631
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F., Viraktamath, C.A. & Yang, D. (2012) Systematics and biogeography of the dobsonfly genus Nevromus Rambur (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from the Oriental realm. Systematic Entomology, 37, 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00635.x
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2015) Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography. Cladistics, 31, 18–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12071
Martins, C.C. (2024) Corydalidae in Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/249 (accessed 5 May 2023)
Martins, C.C., Ardila-Camacho, A., Rivera-Gasperín, S.L., Oswald, J.D., Liu, X. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (2022) A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida). European journal of taxonomy, 812, 1–93. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727
McCafferty, W.P. & Provonsha, A.V. (1983) Aquatic Entomology: The Fisherman’s and Ecologist’s Illustrated Guide to Insects and Their Relatives. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Portola Valley, California, 448 pp.
Neunzig, H.H. & Baker, J.R. (1991) Order Megaloptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.) Immature Insects. Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 112–122.
New, T.R. & Theischinger, G. (1993) Megaloptera (Alderflies, Dobsonflies). Handbuch der Zoologie, Berlin, 4, 1–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110857177
Penny, N.D. (1982) Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 7. Corydalidae (1). Journal Acta Amazonica, 12, 825–837. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921982124825

Family Corydalidae

Description:  Dobson flies are recognized by their hyaline wings and their large mandibles that often serve as pinchers. These mandibles are smaller in females but can become quite large in some males Adults live near aquatic areas but may be attracted to lights at night. Larvae are aquatic and are commonly used as bait by fishermen.

Acanthus mollis

Acanthus mollis, commonly known as bear's breeches, sea dock,[2] bear's foot plant, sea holly, gator plant or oyster plant,[3] is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae  and is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a leafy, clump-forming perennial herb, with a rosette of relatively large, lobed or toothed leaves, and purplish and white flowers on an erect spike.

Operating System Definition and Function

In the Computer System (comprises of Hardware and software), Hardware can only understand machine code (in the form of 0 and 1) which doesn't make any sense to a naive user.

We need a system which can act as an intermediary and manage all the processes and resources present in the system.


An Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and hardware. It is responsible for the execution of all the processes, Resource Allocation, CPU management, File Management and many other tasks.

The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in convenient and efficient manner.

Moa Nalo Maui Nui

English: Reconstruction of the Maui Nui Moa-nalo, Thambetochen chauliodous, and Ptaiochen pau from the Late Pleistocene. (C) Stanton F. Fink

Celebrate world nature conservation day and explore ways to reduce our ecological footprint

Celebrate world nature conservation day and explore ways to reduce our ecological footprint. Learn to make a positive impact on the environment.

AEONIUM ARBOREUM ‘SCHWARZKOPF’ (PURPLE AEONIUM)

Exotic succulents for conservatories or very mild gardens. Plants produce a tall yellow pyramid of flowers. These perennial succulents can only be grown outside in the very mildest of gardens where there is danger of only slight frost and the soil is free draining. Otherwise they make excellent house or conservatory plants. If deprived of light (in winter, particularly), they loose some of their purple-ness and turn green in parts. The purple-ness returns with the return of the sun.

In their native country they sometimes seem to prefer shadier spots. They will tolerate a fair bit of our weaker British sunshine so if you have one growing inside ensure it still gets plenty of light, although not a very sunny windowsill. If grown in a pot make sure you don't over water (easily done) especially in winter and early spring before growth starts, otherwise rot quickly sets in and reduces roots to a mushy mess. However, if this does occur all is not lost. Take the remaining bits of healthy rosette or rosettes, remove the lower rotten section and place them in a seed tray filled with perlite - they should root out quite quickly. Aphids and slugs seem to be the most common pests but apart from that Aeoniums are pretty easy plants to grow and keep.

Propagated by us from cuttings.

Acer japonicum ecnifolium 'Full Moon' (Full Moon Maple)

A slow growing small tree with green leaves and a distinctive spreading habit followed by a domed shade in maturity. Bright red autumn colour. Can reach up to 30ft after 50 years.

Position: Best grown in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil in light shade. Protect from cold and drying winds in early spring. 'By cuttings'

Agapanthus 'Blue Storm' (Lily of the Nile)

Plant these en masse for maximum impact. The flowers are more much numerous but much less tall (to 4ft max) than in the huge and better known Agapanthus africanus. Drifts of them work wonders. The clue's in the name - it's an enormous amount of blue. It's also hardier than Agapanthus africanus but dies down in the winter. Flowers for several weeks during mid-summer.

Best in sun in any reasonably well drained soil.

A comparative comment on Agapanthuses : The big one (Agapanthus africanus) and the little ones (Agapanthus 'Blue Storm' and 'Snow Storm') cannot really be compared. It's tempting because they're both Agapanthuses and they both have green strappy leaves and either blue or white flowers but the big one stands alone and are so big that they can be used almost like topiary - a pair in pots either side of an entrance for example. There's no reason why you couldn't do the same with the smaller ones but the smaller ones really lend themselves to being planted in drifts - blue or white rivers wending their way through the garden. The point is, one's not comparing like with like.

ACER JAPONICUM ‘MEIGETSU’ (HARVEST MOON MAPLE)

It is an upright and strong grower reaching 2 or 3m over 10 years.

Best grown with their feet in the shade and head in the sun, in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil, protected from cold and drying winds. Prune lightly for health but never when the sap is rising in the spring. Propagated by cuttings/grafted.

ACANTHUS MOLLIS (BIG SPINACH)

Bright green, leafy perennial, fully hardy and evergreen in mild areas. Will grow to about 3-4ft tall and across. Easy plant to cultivate. Acanthus will grow in sun or shade. It'll flower more in the sun but the leaves will look bigger and darker and shinier in the shade. The tall spikes (6ft ish) of purple-hooded white flowers appear in high summer. The carved leafy bits so characteristic of the capitals on Corinthian columns are they. Not surprising really as Acanthus grows everywhere around Corinth and evidently did 2500 years ago too.

Removal of old flowers and leaves (anything unsightly) is a great help - especially in winter. Severe frost (-4°c or below) will give the leaves a look that could be described as both glazed and floppy. It can look terminal but it's not. They recover wonderfully well as soon as the temperature rises.

PLEASE NOTE : this plant is occasionally susceptible to powdery mildew, an endemic  air-born fungus. It's easy to treat and we suggest the following action can be taken if you see the white powdery residue on the leaves. Remove as much of the affected parts as possible; clean up thoroughly and remove all rubbish from the area; spray with a general purpose ready to use systemic fungicide - one that contains myclobutanil - such as Fungus Fighter. Easy to cure. Alternatively, just remove ALL affected leaves and burn them.

ACER PALMATUM DISSECTUM (CUT LEAF MAPLE)

This is the green leafed form of Dissectum. The plant weeps more than some of the other Japanese Maples. The leaves are deeply cut and delicate and emerge in spring pale green and remain like that all summer but the autumn is one of the finest of all the Maples - bright scarlet.

It's one of the classic slow growing Japanese Maples - 10ft after 20-25 years. Any reasonably well drained soil (but not chalk) but they need light or partial shade out of strong winds.

Because they're so slow growing, they're surprisingly happy in a pot but don't allow them to dry out. This can lead to the tips browning and full recovery probably won't happen until the following year.

The most enjoyable bit about growing these (apart from looking at them) is practising your gentle Creative Maintenance skills upon them. Creating a beautifully domed and balanced head, raising the crown (removing lower branches) to display the branch structure at the base and just snipping off dead bits. Great fun.

These plants are grafted so if you see an alien sprig appearing at the base, cut it off.

N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.

As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.

ACACIA DEALBATA (MIMOSA)

Fast growing little evergreen tree - the classic Mimosa with the ferny leaves. Masses of fragrant yellow flowers in spring. Requires full sun and reasonably well drained (but not chalky) soil. The flowers are yellow, fragrant and copious. They form in the autumn but don't come out until early spring, so don't prune after late summer if you want flowers the following spring. As with most trees, they're programmed to go straight up to find the light (whether they need to or not). On a young tree this can give the impression that they're destined to be tall and slender which they're not. Most Acacias reach a height of about 15-25ft and grow out. The eventual shape of a mature tree is quite squat and wide. Man appears to have dominion over most living things so you can always shin up a ladder and give it a haircut. It won't mind - just do it after flowering (April) unless you dislike the flowers in which case you can do it earlier. Left to their own devices, relatively short (25ft ish), quite broad and not dense. A marvellous tree for screening (they take your eye away without cutting all the light out) but unfortunately not reliably frost hardy except in large built up or coastal areas. If damaged in exceptionally cold winters, a well established tree will often re shoot from the base; a new lease of life.

In early March, you suddenly begin to realise how un-rare (I can't say common) these are. Clouds of yellow flowers all over the place but generally in areas whose phone number begins 0208 or 0207 or within 6 or 7 miles of the coast.
Propagated by us by seed.

N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.

As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.

ALOE STRIATULA (CORAL ALOE)

There are not many of the South African  Aloes that can be grown in Britain. This one is remarkably hardy. Some of it sprawls on the ground and some of it occasionally rears up to 3ft - or more if supported by a wall. Very cold weather will kill off the tips but it recovers. I've had it growing in my West Sussex frost pocket of a garden for many years. Yellow flowers that last for many weeks during the summer. Aloe vera is famous for its effect on burnt skin. You use the sap from a cut leaf to rub on the wound. Does this one have the same effect? Probably.

Forest Vegetation Simulator Models & Event Monitor Files

The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a family of models used for predicting forest stand dynamics (tree growth, mortality, regeneration, management, disturbance, etc.) throughout the United States. The Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team supports a variety of insect and pathogen models that allow FVS users to incorporate forest pest disturbances into their FVS projections.
The family of FVS models comprises 20 different geographic variants, each calibrated to local conditions. Insect and disease models for FVS are developed and maintained in partnership with Forest Health Protection and the Forest Management Service Center. The models take one of two forms: (1) FVS model extensions, which are integrated into and interact directly with the base FVS model, or (2) keyword component (kcp) files, which contain FVS keywords instructing the base FVS model to perform specific calculations and activities (such as mortality) during a simulation. Availability of insect and disease models varies by FVS variant, as summarized below.

Image represents a stand of Douglas-fir in the Fremont National Forest as simulated with the South Central Oregon Northeastern California variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and the Dwarf Mistletoe Model. View animation (Opens in new window/tab)

Donnie Avocado, Flower type A, West Indies race

This is one of the main cultivar in my grove in 2011 my 7 year old trees produced close to 100 lbs per tree. It is a peculiar fruit. Once the fruit sets and temperatures begins to warm up and rain or irrigation is regular they grow very fast and it is the earliest commercial variety to go to market in Florida. On 2011 I had Donie fruit the first week of June. Average fruit size is 16-28 oz. If you leave then on the tree the fruit keeps getting bigger, they start dropping off in August. I have seen this variety also spelled "Doni" "Donie".
Harvest 2012: My 8 year old trees produced an average of 110 lbs per tree.
December 26, 2012. The trees seem to be building the coli-flowers to get ready to flower very soon. In the top of the trees you can see a few opening flowers. The trees look clean, green and so far no white fly or sign of sooty mold like I had last year.
January 19, 2013: The trees are blooming and there are a lot of open flowers.
March 20, 2013: Looks like it will be a good year, fruit is setting very well. As good as I ever seen it. Flowers may have another 10-14 days to go.
April 14, 2013: The Donnies are off and running. Probably due to a mild and strange winter they set and are holding a good amount of fruit. Lets see it its true. I predict 140-150 lbs per tree on the average this year, We'll know by the end of July.
June 22, 2013: Seems like my Donnies are headed for a record year. I do notice this year their flavor is better than prior years.  So far I picked picked 110 lbs on the average per tree, may be I will not reach my prediction above.
August 1, 2013: I came in a bit off at 133 lbs per tree. A 20% increase over last year.
February 2, 2014: Some trees have open flowers, not a lot, seems to be behind last year. 
February 12, 2014: Flowering seems to be going slow this year,
February 27, 2014: Donnies are two to three days away to full bloom. Beta's are ahead of Donnies. This is the first time I see this. 
August 30, 2014: The Donnie season is over my trees produced and average of 200 lbs per tree. A very good and predictable early producer.
April 13, 2015: I have neglected to report on this variety. This year the late February cold snap, (I registered temperatures of 31 degrees in parts of my grove) cause all the fruit set to fall off along with flowers. The trees then set a second bloom that is just about finished. So this year there will be an light normal crop, with a not so large second crop. I have some fruit from the first set in the 3-4 oz range and some fruit the size of nickels and dimes.  No ideal how is going to play out in production.
Check out the page from Tropical Research and Education http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/crane/avocado/donnie.shtml

Doll Art

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Major hexadecimal color codes

Major hexadecimal color codes

Below are some of the common color names and codes. With these colors, you can also use the color name. For example, in HTML tags and CSS that use color codes, you could use "red" instead of "#FF0000".

Color Name	Color Code	Color Name	Color Code
Red	#FF0000	White	#FFFFFF
Cyan	#00FFFF	Silver	#C0C0C0
Blue	#0000FF	Gray or Grey	#808080
DarkBlue	#0000A0	Black	#000000
LightBlue	#ADD8E6	Orange	#FFA500
Purple	#800080	Brown	#A52A2A
Yellow	#FFFF00	Maroon	#800000
Lime	#00FF00	Green	#008000
Magenta	#FF00FF	Olive	#808000
Color code chart

Tip
Use our HTML color picker if you need to choose from an almost infinite variety of colors.
Blacks - Grays - Blues - Greens - Yellows  - Browns - Orange - Reds - Pinks - Purples

Code	Color
#000000	Black
#0C090A	Night
#2C3539	Gunmetal
#2B1B17	Midnight
#34282C	Charcoal
#25383C	Dark Slate Grey
#3B3131	Oil
#413839	Black Cat
#3D3C3A	Iridium
#463E3F	Black Eel
#4C4646	Black Cow
#504A4B	Gray Wolf
#565051	Vampire Gray
#5C5858	Gray Dolphin
#625D5D	Carbon Gray
#666362	Ash Gray
#6D6968	Cloudy Gray
#726E6D	Smokey Gray
#736F6E	Gray
#837E7C	Granite
#848482	Battleship Gray
#B6B6B4	Gray Cloud
#D1D0CE	Gray Goose
#E5E4E2	Platinum
#BCC6CC	Metallic Silver
#98AFC7	Blue Gray
#6D7B8D	Light Slate Gray
#657383	Slate Gray
#616D7E	Jet Gray
#646D7E	Mist Blue
#566D7E	Marble Blue
#737CA1	Slate Blue
#4863A0	Steel Blue
#2B547E	Blue Jay
#2B3856	Dark Slate Blue
#151B54	Midnight Blue
#000080	Navy Blue
#342D7E	Blue Whale
#15317E	Lapis Blue
#151B8D	Denim Dark Blue
#0000A0	Earth Blue
#0020C2	Cobalt Blue
#0041C2	Blueberry Blue
#2554C7	Sapphire Blue
#1569C7	Blue Eyes
#2B60DE	Royal Blue
#1F45FC	Blue Orchid
#6960EC	Blue Lotus
#736AFF	Light Slate Blue
#357EC7	Windows Blue
#368BC1	Glacial Blue Ice
#488AC7	Silk Blue
#3090C7	Blue Ivy
#659EC7	Blue Koi
#87AFC7	Columbia Blue
#95B9C7	Baby Blue
#728FCE	Light Steel Blue
#2B65EC	Ocean Blue
#306EFF	Blue Ribbon
#157DEC	Blue Dress
#1589FF	Dodger Blue
#6495ED	Cornflower Blue
#6698FF	Sky Blue
#38ACEC	Butterfly Blue
#56A5EC	Iceberg
#5CB3FF	Crystal Blue
#3BB9FF	Deep Sky Blue
#79BAEC	Denim Blue
#82CAFA	Light Sky Blue
#82CAFF	Day Sky Blue
#A0CFEC	Jeans Blue
#B7CEEC	Blue Angel
#B4CFEC	Pastel Blue
#C2DFFF	Sea Blue
#C6DEFF	Powder Blue
#AFDCEC	Coral Blue
#ADDFFF	Light Blue
#BDEDFF	Robin Egg Blue
#CFECEC	Pale Blue Lily
#E0FFFF	Light Cyan
#EBF4FA	Water
#F0F8FF	AliceBlue
#F0FFFF	Azure
#CCFFFF	Light Slate
#93FFE8	Light Aquamarine
#9AFEFF	Electric Blue
#7FFFD4	Aquamarine
#00FFFF	Cyan or Aqua
#7DFDFE	Tron Blue
#57FEFF	Blue Zircon
#8EEBEC	Blue Lagoon
#50EBEC	Celeste
#4EE2EC	Blue Diamond
#81D8D0	Tiffany Blue
#92C7C7	Cyan Opaque
#77BFC7	Blue Hosta
#78C7C7	Northern Lights Blue
#48CCCD	Medium Turquoise
#43C6DB	Turquoise
#46C7C7	Jellyfish
#7BCCB5	Blue green
#43BFC7	Macaw Blue Green
#3EA99F	Light Sea Green
#3B9C9C	Dark Turquoise
#438D80	Sea Turtle Green
#348781	Medium Aquamarine
#307D7E	Greenish Blue
#5E7D7E	Grayish Turquoise
#4C787E	Beetle Green
#008080	Teal
#4E8975	Sea Green
#78866B	Camouflage Green
#848b79	Sage Green
#617C58	Hazel Green
#728C00	Venom Green
#667C26	Fern Green
#254117	Dark Forest Green
#306754	Medium Sea Green
#347235	Medium Forest Green
#437C17	Seaweed Green
#387C44	Pine Green
#347C2C	Jungle Green
#347C17	Shamrock Green
#348017	Medium Spring Green
#4E9258	Forest Green
#6AA121	Green Onion
#4AA02C	Spring Green
#41A317	Lime Green
#3EA055	Clover Green
#6CBB3C	Green Snake
#6CC417	Alien Green
#4CC417	Green Apple
#52D017	Yellow Green
#4CC552	Kelly Green
#54C571	Zombie Green
#99C68E	Frog Green
#89C35C	Green Peas
#85BB65	Dollar Bill Green
#8BB381	Dark Sea Green
#9CB071	Iguana Green
#B2C248	Avocado Green
#9DC209	Pistachio Green
#A1C935	Salad Green
#7FE817	Hummingbird Green
#59E817	Nebula Green
#57E964	Stoplight Go Green
#64E986	Algae Green
#5EFB6E	Jade Green
#00FF00	Green
#5FFB17	Emerald Green
#87F717	Lawn Green
#8AFB17	Chartreuse
#6AFB92	Dragon Green
#98FF98	Mint green
#B5EAAA	Green Thumb
#C3FDB8	Light Jade
#CCFB5D	Tea Green
#B1FB17	Green Yellow
#BCE954	Slime Green
#EDDA74	Goldenrod
#EDE275	Harvest Gold
#FFE87C	Sun Yellow
#FFFF00	Yellow
#FFF380	Corn Yellow
#FFFFC2	Parchment
#FFFFCC	Cream
#FFF8C6	Lemon Chiffon
#FFF8DC	Cornsilk
#F5F5DC	Beige
#FBF6D9	Blonde
#FAEBD7	AntiqueWhite
#F7E7CE	Champagne
#FFEBCD	BlanchedAlmond
#F3E5AB	Vanilla
#ECE5B6	Tan Brown
#FFE5B4	Peach
#FFDB58	Mustard
#FFD801	Rubber Ducky Yellow
#FDD017	Bright Gold
#EAC117	Golden brown
#F2BB66	Macaroni and Cheese
#FBB917	Saffron
#FBB117	Beer
#FFA62F	Cantaloupe
#E9AB17	Bee Yellow
#E2A76F	Brown Sugar
#DEB887	BurlyWood
#FFCBA4	Deep Peach
#C9BE62	Ginger Brown
#E8A317	School Bus Yellow
#EE9A4D	Sandy Brown
#C8B560	Fall Leaf Brown
#D4A017	Orange Gold
#C2B280	Sand
#C7A317	Cookie Brown
#C68E17	Caramel
#B5A642	Brass
#ADA96E	Khaki
#C19A6B	Camel brown
#CD7F32	Bronze
#C88141	Tiger Orange
#C58917	Cinnamon
#AF9B60	Bullet Shell
#AF7817	Dark Goldenrod
#B87333	Copper
#966F33	Wood
#806517	Oak Brown
#827839	Moccasin
#827B60	Army Brown
#786D5F	Sandstone
#493D26	Mocha
#483C32	Taupe
#6F4E37	Coffee
#835C3B	Brown Bear
#7F5217	Red Dirt
#7F462C	Sepia
#C47451	Orange Salmon
#C36241	Rust
#C35817	Red Fox
#C85A17	Chocolate
#CC6600	Sedona
#E56717	Papaya Orange
#E66C2C	Halloween Orange
#F87217	Pumpkin Orange
#F87431	Construction Cone Orange
#E67451	Sunrise Orange
#FF8040	Mango Orange
#F88017	Dark Orange
#FF7F50	Coral
#F88158	Basket Ball Orange
#F9966B	Light Salmon
#E78A61	Tangerine
#E18B6B	Dark Salmon
#E77471	Light Coral
#F75D59	Bean Red
#E55451	Valentine Red
#E55B3C	Shocking Orange
#FF0000	Red
#FF2400	Scarlet
#F62217	Ruby Red
#F70D1A	Ferrari Red
#F62817	Fire Engine Red
#E42217	Lava Red
#E41B17	Love Red
#DC381F	Grapefruit
#C34A2C	Chestnut Red
#C24641	Cherry Red
#C04000	Mahogany
#C11B17	Chilli Pepper
#9F000F	Cranberry
#990012	Red Wine
#8C001A	Burgundy
#954535	Chestnut
#7E3517	Blood Red
#8A4117	Sienna
#7E3817	Sangria
#800517	Firebrick
#810541	Maroon
#7D0541	Plum Pie
#7E354D	Velvet Maroon
#7D0552	Plum Velvet
#7F4E52	Rosy Finch
#7F5A58	Puce
#7F525D	Dull Purple
#B38481	Rosy Brown
#C5908E	Khaki Rose
#C48189	Pink Bow
#C48793	Lipstick Pink
#E8ADAA	Rose
#ECC5C0	Rose Gold
#EDC9AF	Desert Sand
#FDD7E4	Pig Pink
#FCDFFF	Cotton Candy
#FFDFDD	Pink Bubble Gum
#FBBBB9	Misty Rose
#FAAFBE	Pink
#FAAFBA	Light Pink
#F9A7B0	Flamingo Pink
#E7A1B0	Pink Rose
#E799A3	Pink Daisy
#E38AAE	Cadillac Pink
#F778A1	Carnation Pink
#E56E94	Blush Red
#F660AB	Hot Pink
#FC6C85	Watermelon Pink
#F6358A	Violet Red
#F52887	Deep Pink
#E45E9D	Pink Cupcake
#E4287C	Pink Lemonade
#F535AA	Neon Pink
#FF00FF	Magenta
#E3319D	Dimorphotheca Magenta
#F433FF	Bright Neon Pink
#D16587	Pale Violet Red
#C25A7C	Tulip Pink
#CA226B	Medium Violet Red
#C12869	Rogue Pink
#C12267	Burnt Pink
#C25283	Bashful Pink
#C12283	Dark Carnation Pink
#B93B8F	Plum
#7E587E	Viola Purple
#571B7E	Purple Iris
#583759	Plum Purple
#4B0082	Indigo
#461B7E	Purple Monster
#4E387E	Purple Haze
#614051	Eggplant
#5E5A80	Grape
#6A287E	Purple Jam
#7D1B7E	Dark Orchid
#A74AC7	Purple Flower
#B048B5	Medium Orchid
#6C2DC7	Purple Amethyst
#842DCE	Dark Violet
#8D38C9	Violet
#7A5DC7	Purple Sage Bush
#7F38EC	Lovely Purple
#8E35EF	Purple
#893BFF	Aztech Purple
#8467D7	Medium Purple
#A23BEC	Jasmine Purple
#B041FF	Purple Daffodil
#C45AEC	Tyrian Purple
#9172EC	Crocus Purple
#9E7BFF	Purple Mimosa
#D462FF	Heliotrope Purple
#E238EC	Crimson
#C38EC7	Purple Dragon
#C8A2C8	Lilac
#E6A9EC	Blush Pink
#E0B0FF	Mauve
#C6AEC7	Wisteria Purple
#F9B7FF	Blossom Pink
#D2B9D3	Thistle
#E9CFEC	Periwinkle
#EBDDE2	Lavender Pinocchio
#E3E4FA	Lavender blue
#FDEEF4	Pearl
#FFF5EE	SeaShell
#FEFCFF	Milk White
#FFFFFF	White
🔴🔵⚫⚪🔴🔵⚫⚪🔴🔵⚫⚪

Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major)

The Great Spotted Woodpecker is a bird species in Europe and northern Asia. It has black and white plumage, with males having a red dash on the back of their heads. This bird has a stout beak and a long, sticky tongue, perfectly adapted for drilling into tree trunks and catching insects. 

Its diet consists mainly of insects, including seeds, nuts, and bird eggs. Moreover, the Great Spotted Woodpecker is adaptable, making its home in various environments, including forests, parks, and gardens.

Flying Duck Orchid (Caleana major)

This fowl orchid is just too cute! Native to Australia, this orchid’s unique shape helps increase its pollination. Sawflies are attracted to its scent and land on the “bill”, where their weight forces them down and inside the flower, temporarily curling the “bill” down and in. From there, the only way out is through a pollen-laden section of the flower where the sawfly finds and then emerges from. You’d think such a unique looking flower would be easy to find. However, it’s reddish brownish colouring makes it blend right into the Australian bush. Want to add the Flying Duck Orchid to your home greenhouse? Sorry! This flower only grows in the wild, in Australia, and has never been propagated. Why you ask? Because in order to grow, it depends symbiotically on a particular type of vegetative fungus that only grows in Australia. It’s an excellent excuse to go on a vacation, though!

Major hexadecimal color codes

Major hexadecimal color codes

Below are some of the common color names and codes. With these colors, you can also use the color name. For example, in HTML tags and CSS that use color codes, you could use "red" instead of "#FF0000".

Color Name	Color Code	Color Name	Color Code
Red	#FF0000	White	#FFFFFF
Cyan	#00FFFF	Silver	#C0C0C0
Blue	#0000FF	Gray or Grey	#808080
DarkBlue	#0000A0	Black	#000000
LightBlue	#ADD8E6	Orange	#FFA500
Purple	#800080	Brown	#A52A2A
Yellow	#FFFF00	Maroon	#800000
Lime	#00FF00	Green	#008000
Magenta	#FF00FF	Olive	#808000
Color code chart

Tip
Use our HTML color picker if you need to choose from an almost infinite variety of colors.
Blacks - Grays - Blues - Greens - Yellows  - Browns - Orange - Reds - Pinks - Purples

Code	Color
#000000	Black
#0C090A	Night
#2C3539	Gunmetal
#2B1B17	Midnight
#34282C	Charcoal
#25383C	Dark Slate Grey
#3B3131	Oil
#413839	Black Cat
#3D3C3A	Iridium
#463E3F	Black Eel
#4C4646	Black Cow
#504A4B	Gray Wolf
#565051	Vampire Gray
#5C5858	Gray Dolphin
#625D5D	Carbon Gray
#666362	Ash Gray
#6D6968	Cloudy Gray
#726E6D	Smokey Gray
#736F6E	Gray
#837E7C	Granite
#848482	Battleship Gray
#B6B6B4	Gray Cloud
#D1D0CE	Gray Goose
#E5E4E2	Platinum
#BCC6CC	Metallic Silver
#98AFC7	Blue Gray
#6D7B8D	Light Slate Gray
#657383	Slate Gray
#616D7E	Jet Gray
#646D7E	Mist Blue
#566D7E	Marble Blue
#737CA1	Slate Blue
#4863A0	Steel Blue
#2B547E	Blue Jay
#2B3856	Dark Slate Blue
#151B54	Midnight Blue
#000080	Navy Blue
#342D7E	Blue Whale
#15317E	Lapis Blue
#151B8D	Denim Dark Blue
#0000A0	Earth Blue
#0020C2	Cobalt Blue
#0041C2	Blueberry Blue
#2554C7	Sapphire Blue
#1569C7	Blue Eyes
#2B60DE	Royal Blue
#1F45FC	Blue Orchid
#6960EC	Blue Lotus
#736AFF	Light Slate Blue
#357EC7	Windows Blue
#368BC1	Glacial Blue Ice
#488AC7	Silk Blue
#3090C7	Blue Ivy
#659EC7	Blue Koi
#87AFC7	Columbia Blue
#95B9C7	Baby Blue
#728FCE	Light Steel Blue
#2B65EC	Ocean Blue
#306EFF	Blue Ribbon
#157DEC	Blue Dress
#1589FF	Dodger Blue
#6495ED	Cornflower Blue
#6698FF	Sky Blue
#38ACEC	Butterfly Blue
#56A5EC	Iceberg
#5CB3FF	Crystal Blue
#3BB9FF	Deep Sky Blue
#79BAEC	Denim Blue
#82CAFA	Light Sky Blue
#82CAFF	Day Sky Blue
#A0CFEC	Jeans Blue
#B7CEEC	Blue Angel
#B4CFEC	Pastel Blue
#C2DFFF	Sea Blue
#C6DEFF	Powder Blue
#AFDCEC	Coral Blue
#ADDFFF	Light Blue
#BDEDFF	Robin Egg Blue
#CFECEC	Pale Blue Lily
#E0FFFF	Light Cyan
#EBF4FA	Water
#F0F8FF	AliceBlue
#F0FFFF	Azure
#CCFFFF	Light Slate
#93FFE8	Light Aquamarine
#9AFEFF	Electric Blue
#7FFFD4	Aquamarine
#00FFFF	Cyan or Aqua
#7DFDFE	Tron Blue
#57FEFF	Blue Zircon
#8EEBEC	Blue Lagoon
#50EBEC	Celeste
#4EE2EC	Blue Diamond
#81D8D0	Tiffany Blue
#92C7C7	Cyan Opaque
#77BFC7	Blue Hosta
#78C7C7	Northern Lights Blue
#48CCCD	Medium Turquoise
#43C6DB	Turquoise
#46C7C7	Jellyfish
#7BCCB5	Blue green
#43BFC7	Macaw Blue Green
#3EA99F	Light Sea Green
#3B9C9C	Dark Turquoise
#438D80	Sea Turtle Green
#348781	Medium Aquamarine
#307D7E	Greenish Blue
#5E7D7E	Grayish Turquoise
#4C787E	Beetle Green
#008080	Teal
#4E8975	Sea Green
#78866B	Camouflage Green
#848b79	Sage Green
#617C58	Hazel Green
#728C00	Venom Green
#667C26	Fern Green
#254117	Dark Forest Green
#306754	Medium Sea Green
#347235	Medium Forest Green
#437C17	Seaweed Green
#387C44	Pine Green
#347C2C	Jungle Green
#347C17	Shamrock Green
#348017	Medium Spring Green
#4E9258	Forest Green
#6AA121	Green Onion
#4AA02C	Spring Green
#41A317	Lime Green
#3EA055	Clover Green
#6CBB3C	Green Snake
#6CC417	Alien Green
#4CC417	Green Apple
#52D017	Yellow Green
#4CC552	Kelly Green
#54C571	Zombie Green
#99C68E	Frog Green
#89C35C	Green Peas
#85BB65	Dollar Bill Green
#8BB381	Dark Sea Green
#9CB071	Iguana Green
#B2C248	Avocado Green
#9DC209	Pistachio Green
#A1C935	Salad Green
#7FE817	Hummingbird Green
#59E817	Nebula Green
#57E964	Stoplight Go Green
#64E986	Algae Green
#5EFB6E	Jade Green
#00FF00	Green
#5FFB17	Emerald Green
#87F717	Lawn Green
#8AFB17	Chartreuse
#6AFB92	Dragon Green
#98FF98	Mint green
#B5EAAA	Green Thumb
#C3FDB8	Light Jade
#CCFB5D	Tea Green
#B1FB17	Green Yellow
#BCE954	Slime Green
#EDDA74	Goldenrod
#EDE275	Harvest Gold
#FFE87C	Sun Yellow
#FFFF00	Yellow
#FFF380	Corn Yellow
#FFFFC2	Parchment
#FFFFCC	Cream
#FFF8C6	Lemon Chiffon
#FFF8DC	Cornsilk
#F5F5DC	Beige
#FBF6D9	Blonde
#FAEBD7	AntiqueWhite
#F7E7CE	Champagne
#FFEBCD	BlanchedAlmond
#F3E5AB	Vanilla
#ECE5B6	Tan Brown
#FFE5B4	Peach
#FFDB58	Mustard
#FFD801	Rubber Ducky Yellow
#FDD017	Bright Gold
#EAC117	Golden brown
#F2BB66	Macaroni and Cheese
#FBB917	Saffron
#FBB117	Beer
#FFA62F	Cantaloupe
#E9AB17	Bee Yellow
#E2A76F	Brown Sugar
#DEB887	BurlyWood
#FFCBA4	Deep Peach
#C9BE62	Ginger Brown
#E8A317	School Bus Yellow
#EE9A4D	Sandy Brown
#C8B560	Fall Leaf Brown
#D4A017	Orange Gold
#C2B280	Sand
#C7A317	Cookie Brown
#C68E17	Caramel
#B5A642	Brass
#ADA96E	Khaki
#C19A6B	Camel brown
#CD7F32	Bronze
#C88141	Tiger Orange
#C58917	Cinnamon
#AF9B60	Bullet Shell
#AF7817	Dark Goldenrod
#B87333	Copper
#966F33	Wood
#806517	Oak Brown
#827839	Moccasin
#827B60	Army Brown
#786D5F	Sandstone
#493D26	Mocha
#483C32	Taupe
#6F4E37	Coffee
#835C3B	Brown Bear
#7F5217	Red Dirt
#7F462C	Sepia
#C47451	Orange Salmon
#C36241	Rust
#C35817	Red Fox
#C85A17	Chocolate
#CC6600	Sedona
#E56717	Papaya Orange
#E66C2C	Halloween Orange
#F87217	Pumpkin Orange
#F87431	Construction Cone Orange
#E67451	Sunrise Orange
#FF8040	Mango Orange
#F88017	Dark Orange
#FF7F50	Coral
#F88158	Basket Ball Orange
#F9966B	Light Salmon
#E78A61	Tangerine
#E18B6B	Dark Salmon
#E77471	Light Coral
#F75D59	Bean Red
#E55451	Valentine Red
#E55B3C	Shocking Orange
#FF0000	Red
#FF2400	Scarlet
#F62217	Ruby Red
#F70D1A	Ferrari Red
#F62817	Fire Engine Red
#E42217	Lava Red
#E41B17	Love Red
#DC381F	Grapefruit
#C34A2C	Chestnut Red
#C24641	Cherry Red
#C04000	Mahogany
#C11B17	Chilli Pepper
#9F000F	Cranberry
#990012	Red Wine
#8C001A	Burgundy
#954535	Chestnut
#7E3517	Blood Red
#8A4117	Sienna
#7E3817	Sangria
#800517	Firebrick
#810541	Maroon
#7D0541	Plum Pie
#7E354D	Velvet Maroon
#7D0552	Plum Velvet
#7F4E52	Rosy Finch
#7F5A58	Puce
#7F525D	Dull Purple
#B38481	Rosy Brown
#C5908E	Khaki Rose
#C48189	Pink Bow
#C48793	Lipstick Pink
#E8ADAA	Rose
#ECC5C0	Rose Gold
#EDC9AF	Desert Sand
#FDD7E4	Pig Pink
#FCDFFF	Cotton Candy
#FFDFDD	Pink Bubble Gum
#FBBBB9	Misty Rose
#FAAFBE	Pink
#FAAFBA	Light Pink
#F9A7B0	Flamingo Pink
#E7A1B0	Pink Rose
#E799A3	Pink Daisy
#E38AAE	Cadillac Pink
#F778A1	Carnation Pink
#E56E94	Blush Red
#F660AB	Hot Pink
#FC6C85	Watermelon Pink
#F6358A	Violet Red
#F52887	Deep Pink
#E45E9D	Pink Cupcake
#E4287C	Pink Lemonade
#F535AA	Neon Pink
#FF00FF	Magenta
#E3319D	Dimorphotheca Magenta
#F433FF	Bright Neon Pink
#D16587	Pale Violet Red
#C25A7C	Tulip Pink
#CA226B	Medium Violet Red
#C12869	Rogue Pink
#C12267	Burnt Pink
#C25283	Bashful Pink
#C12283	Dark Carnation Pink
#B93B8F	Plum
#7E587E	Viola Purple
#571B7E	Purple Iris
#583759	Plum Purple
#4B0082	Indigo
#461B7E	Purple Monster
#4E387E	Purple Haze
#614051	Eggplant
#5E5A80	Grape
#6A287E	Purple Jam
#7D1B7E	Dark Orchid
#A74AC7	Purple Flower
#B048B5	Medium Orchid
#6C2DC7	Purple Amethyst
#842DCE	Dark Violet
#8D38C9	Violet
#7A5DC7	Purple Sage Bush
#7F38EC	Lovely Purple
#8E35EF	Purple
#893BFF	Aztech Purple
#8467D7	Medium Purple
#A23BEC	Jasmine Purple
#B041FF	Purple Daffodil
#C45AEC	Tyrian Purple
#9172EC	Crocus Purple
#9E7BFF	Purple Mimosa
#D462FF	Heliotrope Purple
#E238EC	Crimson
#C38EC7	Purple Dragon
#C8A2C8	Lilac
#E6A9EC	Blush Pink
#E0B0FF	Mauve
#C6AEC7	Wisteria Purple
#F9B7FF	Blossom Pink
#D2B9D3	Thistle
#E9CFEC	Periwinkle
#EBDDE2	Lavender Pinocchio
#E3E4FA	Lavender blue
#FDEEF4	Pearl
#FFF5EE	SeaShell
#FEFCFF	Milk White
#FFFFFF	White
🔴🔵⚫⚪🔴🔵⚫⚪🔴🔵⚫⚪