The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit.[3] The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala.[4][5][6] Avocado trees have a native growth range from Mexico to Costa Rica.[7] Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator pear or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed.[8] Sequencing of its genome showed that the evolution of avocados was shaped by polyploidy events and that commercial varieties have a hybrid origin.[9] Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output.[10] Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries.[4] Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.[11]
Username: Bongsong Published on 2024-10-22 09:11:36 ID NUMBER: 123981
Sarhul, the spring festival, holds significant cultural importance for indigenous tribes such as the Mundas, Oraons, and Santhals. Particularly for the Oraon community, it stands out as the largest spring festival observed during the months of March and April. In their native language, it is referred to as “Khaddi,” symbolizing the symbolic union or marriage of the earth. The significance of the forest flower known as sakhua or Sal is paramount as it symbolizes the cultural importance deeply rooted within the forest ecosystem. Despite their inherent significance, forest flowers often go unnoticed, highlighting the need to acknowledge and appreciate their cultural and ecological value. During this festival, reverence is bestowed upon Dharti Mata, as, the wife of Lord Rama encompassing the celebration of all forms of nature.This festival exemplifies the indigenous tribes’ conviction in the autonomy of their nature-centric worship practices which shows their core value of religion different from brahamnical ideologies. It underscores their deep-rooted gratitude towards nature for the sustenance and resources it provides, showcasing a distinct cultural reverence for their environment and its bounty.
This festival provides a strong sense of identity, particularly for theOraon tribe who predominantly engaged in agriculture, adheres to Sarnaism as its religious belief system which is not Hinduism revering nature as integral to their spirituality, this community celebrates the festival by offering homage to trees and various natural elements.
Blepharitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the oil glands in the eyelids. The condition is a common cause of dry eyes. This disorder is commonly associated with skin or bacterial conditions. While it can be irritating, the condition does not cause permanent vision impairment. Blepharitis is normally defined by its location on the eyelid. Anterior blepharitis occurs on the outer edge of the eyelids while posterior blepharitis occurs on the inner edges of the lids.
Seven species of the family Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) are newly recorded from Myanmar, including a new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907, Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. A total of 18 species of Megaloptera are now known from Myanmar.
Keywords: Megaloptera, Corydalinae, Chauliodinae, Protohermes, taxonomy, Burma
Barclay, A., Portman, R.W. & Hill, P.S.M. (2005) Tracheal gills of the dobsonfly larvae, or hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus L. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 78, 181–185. https://doi.org/10.2317/0409.23.1
Contreras-Ramos, A. (1998) Systematics of the dobsonfly genus Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, 360 pp. https://doi.org/10.4182/KKIO9247
Contreras-Ramos, A. (2011) Phylogenetic review of dobsonflies of the subfamily Corydalinae and the genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 2862 (1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2862.1.1
Cover, M.R. & Resh, V.H. (2008) Global diversity of dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies (Megaloptera; Insecta) and spongillaflies, nevrorthids, and osmylids (Neuroptera; Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9035-z
Gama-Neto, J.L. & Passos, M.A.B. (2018) Primeiro registro de Corydalus peruvianus Davis (Megaloptera: Coridalidae: Coridalinae) no Brasil. EntomoBrasilis, 11 (1), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.704
Glorioso, M.J. (1981) Systematics of the dobsonfly subfamily Corydalinae (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Systematic Entomology, 6, 253–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00440.x
Hall, D.W. (2013) Eastern dobsonfly (adult), hellgrammite (larva) Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae). EDIS, 6, EENY 414. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in987-2013
Hamada, N. & Azevêdo, C.A.S. (2024) Megaloptera Latreille, 1802. In: Rafael, J.A., Melo, G.A.R., de Carvalho, C.J.B., Casari, S.A. & Constantino, R. (Eds.), Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia. 2nd Edition. Holos Editora, Ribeirão Preto, pp. 546–551. https://doi.org/10.61818/56330464c28
Hoover, J.J., Gage, K.L. & Paulissen, M.S. (1988) Hellgrammite respiration - temperature’s role in ectotherm physiology. The American Biology Teacher, 50, 39–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448631
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F., Viraktamath, C.A. & Yang, D. (2012) Systematics and biogeography of the dobsonfly genus Nevromus Rambur (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from the Oriental realm. Systematic Entomology, 37, 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00635.x
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2015) Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography. Cladistics, 31, 18–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12071
Martins, C.C. (2024) Corydalidae in Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/249 (accessed 5 May 2023)
Martins, C.C., Ardila-Camacho, A., Rivera-Gasperín, S.L., Oswald, J.D., Liu, X. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (2022) A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida). European journal of taxonomy, 812, 1–93. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727
McCafferty, W.P. & Provonsha, A.V. (1983) Aquatic Entomology: The Fisherman’s and Ecologist’s Illustrated Guide to Insects and Their Relatives. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Portola Valley, California, 448 pp.
Neunzig, H.H. & Baker, J.R. (1991) Order Megaloptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.) Immature Insects. Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 112–122.
New, T.R. & Theischinger, G. (1993) Megaloptera (Alderflies, Dobsonflies). Handbuch der Zoologie, Berlin, 4, 1–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110857177
Penny, N.D. (1982) Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 7. Corydalidae (1). Journal Acta Amazonica, 12, 825–837. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921982124825
Description: Dobson flies are recognized by their hyaline wings and their large mandibles that often serve as pinchers. These mandibles are smaller in females but can become quite large in some males Adults live near aquatic areas but may be attracted to lights at night. Larvae are aquatic and are commonly used as bait by fishermen.
Acanthus mollis, commonly known as bear's breeches, sea dock,[2] bear's foot plant, sea holly, gator plant or oyster plant,[3] is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a leafy, clump-forming perennial herb, with a rosette of relatively large, lobed or toothed leaves, and purplish and white flowers on an erect spike.
In the Computer System (comprises of Hardware and software), Hardware can only understand machine code (in the form of 0 and 1) which doesn't make any sense to a naive user.
We need a system which can act as an intermediary and manage all the processes and resources present in the system.
An Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and hardware. It is responsible for the execution of all the processes, Resource Allocation, CPU management, File Management and many other tasks.
The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in convenient and efficient manner.
Exotic succulents for conservatories or very mild gardens. Plants produce a tall yellow pyramid of flowers. These perennial succulents can only be grown outside in the very mildest of gardens where there is danger of only slight frost and the soil is free draining. Otherwise they make excellent house or conservatory plants. If deprived of light (in winter, particularly), they loose some of their purple-ness and turn green in parts. The purple-ness returns with the return of the sun.
In their native country they sometimes seem to prefer shadier spots. They will tolerate a fair bit of our weaker British sunshine so if you have one growing inside ensure it still gets plenty of light, although not a very sunny windowsill. If grown in a pot make sure you don't over water (easily done) especially in winter and early spring before growth starts, otherwise rot quickly sets in and reduces roots to a mushy mess. However, if this does occur all is not lost. Take the remaining bits of healthy rosette or rosettes, remove the lower rotten section and place them in a seed tray filled with perlite - they should root out quite quickly. Aphids and slugs seem to be the most common pests but apart from that Aeoniums are pretty easy plants to grow and keep.
Propagated by us from cuttings.
A slow growing small tree with green leaves and a distinctive spreading habit followed by a domed shade in maturity. Bright red autumn colour. Can reach up to 30ft after 50 years.
Position: Best grown in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil in light shade. Protect from cold and drying winds in early spring. 'By cuttings'
Plant these en masse for maximum impact. The flowers are more much numerous but much less tall (to 4ft max) than in the huge and better known Agapanthus africanus. Drifts of them work wonders. The clue's in the name - it's an enormous amount of blue. It's also hardier than Agapanthus africanus but dies down in the winter. Flowers for several weeks during mid-summer.
Best in sun in any reasonably well drained soil.
A comparative comment on Agapanthuses : The big one (Agapanthus africanus) and the little ones (Agapanthus 'Blue Storm' and 'Snow Storm') cannot really be compared. It's tempting because they're both Agapanthuses and they both have green strappy leaves and either blue or white flowers but the big one stands alone and are so big that they can be used almost like topiary - a pair in pots either side of an entrance for example. There's no reason why you couldn't do the same with the smaller ones but the smaller ones really lend themselves to being planted in drifts - blue or white rivers wending their way through the garden. The point is, one's not comparing like with like.
It is an upright and strong grower reaching 2 or 3m over 10 years.
Best grown with their feet in the shade and head in the sun, in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil, protected from cold and drying winds. Prune lightly for health but never when the sap is rising in the spring. Propagated by cuttings/grafted.
Bright green, leafy perennial, fully hardy and evergreen in mild areas. Will grow to about 3-4ft tall and across. Easy plant to cultivate. Acanthus will grow in sun or shade. It'll flower more in the sun but the leaves will look bigger and darker and shinier in the shade. The tall spikes (6ft ish) of purple-hooded white flowers appear in high summer. The carved leafy bits so characteristic of the capitals on Corinthian columns are they. Not surprising really as Acanthus grows everywhere around Corinth and evidently did 2500 years ago too.
Removal of old flowers and leaves (anything unsightly) is a great help - especially in winter. Severe frost (-4°c or below) will give the leaves a look that could be described as both glazed and floppy. It can look terminal but it's not. They recover wonderfully well as soon as the temperature rises.
PLEASE NOTE : this plant is occasionally susceptible to powdery mildew, an endemic air-born fungus. It's easy to treat and we suggest the following action can be taken if you see the white powdery residue on the leaves. Remove as much of the affected parts as possible; clean up thoroughly and remove all rubbish from the area; spray with a general purpose ready to use systemic fungicide - one that contains myclobutanil - such as Fungus Fighter. Easy to cure. Alternatively, just remove ALL affected leaves and burn them.
This is the green leafed form of Dissectum. The plant weeps more than some of the other Japanese Maples. The leaves are deeply cut and delicate and emerge in spring pale green and remain like that all summer but the autumn is one of the finest of all the Maples - bright scarlet.
It's one of the classic slow growing Japanese Maples - 10ft after 20-25 years. Any reasonably well drained soil (but not chalk) but they need light or partial shade out of strong winds.
Because they're so slow growing, they're surprisingly happy in a pot but don't allow them to dry out. This can lead to the tips browning and full recovery probably won't happen until the following year.
The most enjoyable bit about growing these (apart from looking at them) is practising your gentle Creative Maintenance skills upon them. Creating a beautifully domed and balanced head, raising the crown (removing lower branches) to display the branch structure at the base and just snipping off dead bits. Great fun.
These plants are grafted so if you see an alien sprig appearing at the base, cut it off.
N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.
As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.
Fast growing little evergreen tree - the classic Mimosa with the ferny leaves. Masses of fragrant yellow flowers in spring. Requires full sun and reasonably well drained (but not chalky) soil. The flowers are yellow, fragrant and copious. They form in the autumn but don't come out until early spring, so don't prune after late summer if you want flowers the following spring. As with most trees, they're programmed to go straight up to find the light (whether they need to or not). On a young tree this can give the impression that they're destined to be tall and slender which they're not. Most Acacias reach a height of about 15-25ft and grow out. The eventual shape of a mature tree is quite squat and wide. Man appears to have dominion over most living things so you can always shin up a ladder and give it a haircut. It won't mind - just do it after flowering (April) unless you dislike the flowers in which case you can do it earlier. Left to their own devices, relatively short (25ft ish), quite broad and not dense. A marvellous tree for screening (they take your eye away without cutting all the light out) but unfortunately not reliably frost hardy except in large built up or coastal areas. If damaged in exceptionally cold winters, a well established tree will often re shoot from the base; a new lease of life.
In early March, you suddenly begin to realise how un-rare (I can't say common) these are. Clouds of yellow flowers all over the place but generally in areas whose phone number begins 0208 or 0207 or within 6 or 7 miles of the coast.
Propagated by us by seed.
N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.
As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.
There are not many of the South African Aloes that can be grown in Britain. This one is remarkably hardy. Some of it sprawls on the ground and some of it occasionally rears up to 3ft - or more if supported by a wall. Very cold weather will kill off the tips but it recovers. I've had it growing in my West Sussex frost pocket of a garden for many years. Yellow flowers that last for many weeks during the summer. Aloe vera is famous for its effect on burnt skin. You use the sap from a cut leaf to rub on the wound. Does this one have the same effect? Probably.
The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a family of models used for predicting forest stand dynamics (tree growth, mortality, regeneration, management, disturbance, etc.) throughout the United States. The Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team supports a variety of insect and pathogen models that allow FVS users to incorporate forest pest disturbances into their FVS projections.
The family of FVS models comprises 20 different geographic variants, each calibrated to local conditions. Insect and disease models for FVS are developed and maintained in partnership with Forest Health Protection and the Forest Management Service Center. The models take one of two forms: (1) FVS model extensions, which are integrated into and interact directly with the base FVS model, or (2) keyword component (kcp) files, which contain FVS keywords instructing the base FVS model to perform specific calculations and activities (such as mortality) during a simulation. Availability of insect and disease models varies by FVS variant, as summarized below.
Image represents a stand of Douglas-fir in the Fremont National Forest as simulated with the South Central Oregon Northeastern California variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and the Dwarf Mistletoe Model. View animation (Opens in new window/tab)
This is one of the main cultivar in my grove in 2011 my 7 year old trees produced close to 100 lbs per tree. It is a peculiar fruit. Once the fruit sets and temperatures begins to warm up and rain or irrigation is regular they grow very fast and it is the earliest commercial variety to go to market in Florida. On 2011 I had Donie fruit the first week of June. Average fruit size is 16-28 oz. If you leave then on the tree the fruit keeps getting bigger, they start dropping off in August. I have seen this variety also spelled "Doni" "Donie".
Harvest 2012: My 8 year old trees produced an average of 110 lbs per tree.
December 26, 2012. The trees seem to be building the coli-flowers to get ready to flower very soon. In the top of the trees you can see a few opening flowers. The trees look clean, green and so far no white fly or sign of sooty mold like I had last year.
January 19, 2013: The trees are blooming and there are a lot of open flowers.
March 20, 2013: Looks like it will be a good year, fruit is setting very well. As good as I ever seen it. Flowers may have another 10-14 days to go.
April 14, 2013: The Donnies are off and running. Probably due to a mild and strange winter they set and are holding a good amount of fruit. Lets see it its true. I predict 140-150 lbs per tree on the average this year, We'll know by the end of July.
June 22, 2013: Seems like my Donnies are headed for a record year. I do notice this year their flavor is better than prior years. So far I picked picked 110 lbs on the average per tree, may be I will not reach my prediction above.
August 1, 2013: I came in a bit off at 133 lbs per tree. A 20% increase over last year.
February 2, 2014: Some trees have open flowers, not a lot, seems to be behind last year.
February 12, 2014: Flowering seems to be going slow this year,
February 27, 2014: Donnies are two to three days away to full bloom. Beta's are ahead of Donnies. This is the first time I see this.
August 30, 2014: The Donnie season is over my trees produced and average of 200 lbs per tree. A very good and predictable early producer.
April 13, 2015: I have neglected to report on this variety. This year the late February cold snap, (I registered temperatures of 31 degrees in parts of my grove) cause all the fruit set to fall off along with flowers. The trees then set a second bloom that is just about finished. So this year there will be an light normal crop, with a not so large second crop. I have some fruit from the first set in the 3-4 oz range and some fruit the size of nickels and dimes. No ideal how is going to play out in production.
Check out the page from Tropical Research and Education http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/crane/avocado/donnie.shtml
The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit.[3] The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala.[4][5][6] Avocado trees have a native growth range from Mexico to Costa Rica.[7] Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator pear or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed.[8] Sequencing of its genome showed that the evolution of avocados was shaped by polyploidy events and that commercial varieties have a hybrid origin.[9] Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output.[10] Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries.[4] Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.[11]
Avocados also have enormous blood sugar control advantages in addition to being creamy and delicious. These excessive in healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals have been proven to decrease blood sugar stages while brought to meals.
Avocados have been proven in some research to assist decrease blood sugar stages and shield towards the improvement of metabolic syndrome, a collection of sicknesses that consist of records of high blood pressure and blood sugar and chronic disease.
This is one of the main cultivar in my grove in 2011 my 7 year old trees produced close to 100 lbs per tree. It is a peculiar fruit. Once the fruit sets and temperatures begins to warm up and rain or irrigation is regular they grow very fast and it is the earliest commercial variety to go to market in Florida. On 2011 I had Donie fruit the first week of June. Average fruit size is 16-28 oz. If you leave then on the tree the fruit keeps getting bigger, they start dropping off in August. I have seen this variety also spelled "Doni" "Donie".
Harvest 2012: My 8 year old trees produced an average of 110 lbs per tree.
December 26, 2012. The trees seem to be building the coli-flowers to get ready to flower very soon. In the top of the trees you can see a few opening flowers. The trees look clean, green and so far no white fly or sign of sooty mold like I had last year.
January 19, 2013: The trees are blooming and there are a lot of open flowers.
March 20, 2013: Looks like it will be a good year, fruit is setting very well. As good as I ever seen it. Flowers may have another 10-14 days to go.
April 14, 2013: The Donnies are off and running. Probably due to a mild and strange winter they set and are holding a good amount of fruit. Lets see it its true. I predict 140-150 lbs per tree on the average this year, We'll know by the end of July.
June 22, 2013: Seems like my Donnies are headed for a record year. I do notice this year their flavor is better than prior years. So far I picked picked 110 lbs on the average per tree, may be I will not reach my prediction above.
August 1, 2013: I came in a bit off at 133 lbs per tree. A 20% increase over last year.
February 2, 2014: Some trees have open flowers, not a lot, seems to be behind last year.
February 12, 2014: Flowering seems to be going slow this year,
February 27, 2014: Donnies are two to three days away to full bloom. Beta's are ahead of Donnies. This is the first time I see this.
August 30, 2014: The Donnie season is over my trees produced and average of 200 lbs per tree. A very good and predictable early producer.
April 13, 2015: I have neglected to report on this variety. This year the late February cold snap, (I registered temperatures of 31 degrees in parts of my grove) cause all the fruit set to fall off along with flowers. The trees then set a second bloom that is just about finished. So this year there will be an light normal crop, with a not so large second crop. I have some fruit from the first set in the 3-4 oz range and some fruit the size of nickels and dimes. No ideal how is going to play out in production.
Check out the page from Tropical Research and Education http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/crane/avocado/donnie.shtml
Avocados, technically a fruit, are native to Central and South America. However, Mexico, Dominican Republic, and Peru are the top avocado producers in the world. Mexico sits at the top of the avocado industry. They produced 2.4 million tons of avocados in 20203.
However, Mexico wasn't always at the top of the industry. As of 1914, the government restricted the importation of avocados into the United States due to the risk of importing agricultural pests. The government lifted the ban on avocado importations in 1997 and kickstarted the avocado industry's growth.
In the US, over 2.7 billion pounds of avocados were consumed in 20204. Production efforts tripled as it became a green gold in tune with rising demand. According to the Hass Avocado Board, an organization founded to “make the avocado the most popular fruit in the US,” the global avocado market will continue to grow at a CAGR of over 5%.
Records show the majority of the avocados consumed in the US are from South America. However, before the government lifted the ban on Mexican avocados, the US grew avocados in California and Florida. Avocado farms can only survive in tropical regions; this is why Mexico and South America are the primary producers of avocados.
It takes a long time to grow and harvest avocados. When you plant an avocado farm from seed, it takes up to 14 years before harvesting can start. If you planted trees instead, you would have to wait for about five years of growth before harvesting.
1. High water consumption
Cultivating an avocado plantation, usually in tropical climates, requires a considerable amount of water. One kilogram of avocado requires 0.75 tons of water. When comparing this water consumption to other fruits like bananas, it is about seven times more than they need.
A study measured water consumption rates of avocados, bananas, and pineapples and found that a kilogram of avocado requires 40 times more water than a kilogram of pineapple1. Other studies conducted in regions used for avocado plantations show that they experience water scarcity due to the excessive amount of water used to farm avocados.
Avocado trees cannot be grown on a large commercial scale without irrigation. Fortunately, irrigation reduces the necessary water intake by 20%.
Despite the attempts at regulating the amount of water consumed by avocado fruits, its impact on the surrounding environment is undeniable. It is a leading cause of water scarcity in some regions.
2. Deforestation
The increase in the demand for avocados globally led to massive avocado production. Farmers require large portions of land to produce enough for the increased global markets for avocados. However, these demands cause damage to the environment.
Avocado producers contribute to deforestation while trying to acquire more land space for avocado farming. They often burn forests and cut down trees to make space for more avocado trees. A report by Global Forest Watch states that 98% of deforestation in Mexico occurs because of agricultural expansions.
The report also shows the number of tree covers lost to fire. In 2021, Mexico lost about 340Kha of land to fire outbreaks. This record is relatively normal given that about 3.8Mha of land was lost to fire eruptions in 2011. Also, over 40,000 deforestation alert reports were recorded in Mexico between the 26th of July 2022 and the 2nd of August 2022.
In return for cutting down forest trees, we experience intense climate change. Also, avocado cultivation can't atone for the loss of the other trees cut down because the avocado tree absorbs minimal amounts of carbon.
3. Monoculture
Monoculture is the practice of farming one crop repeatedly. Avocado production is a monoculture crop that harms the soil by striping the earth of its nutrients. It also reduces the organic matter in the soil and can cause soil erosion.
To combat the loss of soil nutrients, farmers use synthetic fertilizers to produce crops. The herbicides used to maintain the health of avocado trees cause long-term damage to the soil. It also puts pollinators at risk of extinction, like the Monarch butterfly in Mexico.
Avocado monoculture also alters the microbial landscape of the soil, leading to poor crop growth. Heavy industrialization causes avocado monoculture crops and plantations to leave a heavy trail of carbon and water footprints in the environment.
4. High carbon footprint
This refers to the greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans and other activities. Avocado is a heavily imported crop to the US, producing a significant carbon footprint during transportation.
Research by It's Fresh! found in 2017 that two avocados emit 846g of Co2. A Mexican avocado makes a long polluting journey to parts of the world where it is consumed, traveling over 5000 miles to reach the UK. These significant food miles all add to the negative impact of avocados on the environment.
In the long run, C02 emissions exacerbate global warming and climate change. The heightened demand for avocados will only damage the environment more.
5. Non-biodegradable packaging
Producers use non-biodegradable packaging to protect avocados during transportation. Non-biodegradable packaging includes plastic bags and boxes lined with plastic. These materials are not recyclable, increasing the state of plastic pollution in the area.
6. Socio-Economic Problems
The global demand for avocado fruit hurts the local food security of major producing countries.
Another Hawaiian cultivar. Also a late season in Hawaii. I hope it will be late here as well. There is more information on this cultivar. It was develop by the University of Hawaii. You can read the release document for the University of Hawaai. A Sharwil seedling of better quality. Has a lot of attributes. Good quality, small seed and heavy bearer. Who can ask for more. Lets hope it likes it here. More good information, in another document from the University of Hawaii, reporting over 20% oil. Probably growing in the higher elevations of Hawaii. Well we'll grow it at 10 ft elevation to see what it does.
From the PlantitHawaii.com:
"A cultivar developed by the UH, considered by many to be superior to the Sharwil. Has a long and heavy bearing season (January-April, or longer). Medium size, pear-shaped fruit with a small seed, high oil content, and a rough green-gold skin. Type A.
Well that is the period February-April I'm looking for. I have a small tree and I'm pushing it to get bud wood to top work a tree at my highest elevation 11 ft.
October 8, 2013: My little Green Gold tree is small and the branches are thin. Reminds me of a Malama. I'm sure I will get bud wood to top work a tree in a couple of months.
December 26, 2013: A tree has been top worked.
February 14, 2014: Most grafts are growing well. Looks good. Now we only need to wait about 24-30 months.
February 26, 2015: The tree is doing well. has enough canopy to flower and set fruit. Seems a few weeks away from flowering. Good sign for an expected late variety.
March 22, 2015: Seems like the tree decided to grow more vegetation and there are just a couple of flowers. Is typical, we'll see lots of flowers next year.
January 16, 2017: The tree did set some fruit. Not a lot of it, I was disappointed. The fruit ranges between 11-16 oz I did get to taste if a couple of times so far. It has a hard skin so you need to open two days or so before you think is ready, or insert a thin knife to see if it is soft. It is really good, my wife loved it (and she is hard to please) Better than a store bought Hass by far. Great quality at this time of the year. Small seed. I don't think they get past the end of this month as I saw some on the ground.
Now the reality. Did not produced a lot of fruit. Some trees have a juvenile period It may need another year, Did get some disease, as the pictures show. Will probably do better in an isolated back yard. One to watch because of the quality.
July 11, 2017: This tree set more fruit than last year but on the low side. For a Homeowner sufficient, specially if the flavor continues or improves with the size of the tree. So far fruit is clean and growing well. See today's pictures,
The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit.[3] The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala.[4][5][6] Avocado trees have a native growth range from Mexico to Costa Rica.[7] Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator pear or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed.[8] Sequencing of its genome showed that the evolution of avocados was shaped by polyploidy events and that commercial varieties have a hybrid origin.[9] Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output.[10] Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries.[4] Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.[11]
The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated in Mesoamerica more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit.[3] The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala.[4][5][6] Avocado trees have a native growth range from Mexico to Costa Rica.[7] Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator pear or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed.[8] Sequencing of its genome showed that the evolution of avocados was shaped by polyploidy events and that commercial varieties have a hybrid origin.[9] Avocado trees are partly self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output.[10] Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries.[4] Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.[11]
Enjoy fresh-picked avocado for your guacamole or toast by growing an avocado tree. "Avocado trees are valued for their nutritious fruits," Popat says. "They require full sun and regular watering to thrive."
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