Sarhul the Spring Festival

Sarhul, the spring festival, holds significant cultural importance for indigenous tribes such as the Mundas, Oraons, and Santhals. Particularly for the Oraon community, it stands out as the largest spring festival observed during the months of March and April. In their native language, it is referred to as “Khaddi,” symbolizing the symbolic union or marriage of the earth. The significance of the forest flower known as sakhua or Sal is paramount as it symbolizes the cultural importance deeply rooted within the forest ecosystem. Despite their inherent significance, forest flowers often go unnoticed, highlighting the need to acknowledge and appreciate their cultural and ecological value. During this festival, reverence is bestowed upon Dharti Mata, as, the wife of Lord Rama encompassing the celebration of all forms of nature.This festival exemplifies the indigenous tribes’ conviction in the autonomy of their nature-centric worship practices which shows their core value of religion different from brahamnical ideologies. It underscores their deep-rooted gratitude towards nature for the sustenance and resources it provides, showcasing a distinct cultural reverence for their environment and its bounty.

This festival provides a strong sense of identity, particularly for theOraon tribe who predominantly engaged in agriculture, adheres to Sarnaism as its religious belief system which is not Hinduism revering nature as integral to their spirituality, this community celebrates the festival by offering homage to trees and various natural elements.

Dry Eye and Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the oil glands in the eyelids. The condition is a common cause of dry eyes. This disorder is commonly associated with skin or bacterial conditions. While it can be irritating, the condition does not cause permanent vision impairment. Blepharitis is normally defined by its location on the eyelid. Anterior blepharitis occurs on the outer edge of the eyelids while posterior blepharitis occurs on the inner edges of the lids.

Species New to Science

Seven species of the family Corydalidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) are newly recorded from Myanmar, including a new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele, 1907, Protohermes burmanus sp. nov. A total of 18 species of Megaloptera are now known from Myanmar.

Keywords: Megaloptera, Corydalinae, Chauliodinae, Protohermes, taxonomy, Burma

Tracking the history of Corydalus peruvianus Davis, 1903 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Brazil

Barclay, A., Portman, R.W. & Hill, P.S.M. (2005) Tracheal gills of the dobsonfly larvae, or hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus L. (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 78, 181–185. https://doi.org/10.2317/0409.23.1
Contreras-Ramos, A. (1998) Systematics of the dobsonfly genus Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, 360 pp. https://doi.org/10.4182/KKIO9247
Contreras-Ramos, A. (2011) Phylogenetic review of dobsonflies of the subfamily Corydalinae and the genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Zootaxa, 2862 (1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2862.1.1
Cover, M.R. & Resh, V.H. (2008) Global diversity of dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies (Megaloptera; Insecta) and spongillaflies, nevrorthids, and osmylids (Neuroptera; Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9035-z
Gama-Neto, J.L. & Passos, M.A.B. (2018) Primeiro registro de Corydalus peruvianus Davis (Megaloptera: Coridalidae: Coridalinae) no Brasil. EntomoBrasilis, 11 (1), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v11i1.704
Glorioso, M.J. (1981) Systematics of the dobsonfly subfamily Corydalinae (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). Systematic Entomology, 6, 253–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00440.x
Hall, D.W. (2013) Eastern dobsonfly (adult), hellgrammite (larva) Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae). EDIS, 6, EENY 414. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in987-2013
Hamada, N. & Azevêdo, C.A.S. (2024) Megaloptera Latreille, 1802. In: Rafael, J.A., Melo, G.A.R., de Carvalho, C.J.B., Casari, S.A. & Constantino, R. (Eds.), Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia. 2nd Edition. Holos Editora, Ribeirão Preto, pp. 546–551. https://doi.org/10.61818/56330464c28
Hoover, J.J., Gage, K.L. & Paulissen, M.S. (1988) Hellgrammite respiration - temperature’s role in ectotherm physiology. The American Biology Teacher, 50, 39–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448631
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F., Viraktamath, C.A. & Yang, D. (2012) Systematics and biogeography of the dobsonfly genus Nevromus Rambur (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae) from the Oriental realm. Systematic Entomology, 37, 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00635.x
Liu, X.-Y., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2015) Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography. Cladistics, 31, 18–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12071
Martins, C.C. (2024) Corydalidae in Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/249 (accessed 5 May 2023)
Martins, C.C., Ardila-Camacho, A., Rivera-Gasperín, S.L., Oswald, J.D., Liu, X. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (2022) A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida). European journal of taxonomy, 812, 1–93. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.812.1727
McCafferty, W.P. & Provonsha, A.V. (1983) Aquatic Entomology: The Fisherman’s and Ecologist’s Illustrated Guide to Insects and Their Relatives. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Portola Valley, California, 448 pp.
Neunzig, H.H. & Baker, J.R. (1991) Order Megaloptera. In: Stehr, F.W. (Ed.) Immature Insects. Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 112–122.
New, T.R. & Theischinger, G. (1993) Megaloptera (Alderflies, Dobsonflies). Handbuch der Zoologie, Berlin, 4, 1–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110857177
Penny, N.D. (1982) Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 7. Corydalidae (1). Journal Acta Amazonica, 12, 825–837. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921982124825

Family Corydalidae

Description:  Dobson flies are recognized by their hyaline wings and their large mandibles that often serve as pinchers. These mandibles are smaller in females but can become quite large in some males Adults live near aquatic areas but may be attracted to lights at night. Larvae are aquatic and are commonly used as bait by fishermen.

Acanthus mollis

Acanthus mollis, commonly known as bear's breeches, sea dock,[2] bear's foot plant, sea holly, gator plant or oyster plant,[3] is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae  and is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a leafy, clump-forming perennial herb, with a rosette of relatively large, lobed or toothed leaves, and purplish and white flowers on an erect spike.

Operating System Definition and Function

In the Computer System (comprises of Hardware and software), Hardware can only understand machine code (in the form of 0 and 1) which doesn't make any sense to a naive user.

We need a system which can act as an intermediary and manage all the processes and resources present in the system.


An Operating System can be defined as an interface between user and hardware. It is responsible for the execution of all the processes, Resource Allocation, CPU management, File Management and many other tasks.

The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in convenient and efficient manner.

Moa Nalo Maui Nui

English: Reconstruction of the Maui Nui Moa-nalo, Thambetochen chauliodous, and Ptaiochen pau from the Late Pleistocene. (C) Stanton F. Fink

Celebrate world nature conservation day and explore ways to reduce our ecological footprint

Celebrate world nature conservation day and explore ways to reduce our ecological footprint. Learn to make a positive impact on the environment.

AEONIUM ARBOREUM ‘SCHWARZKOPF’ (PURPLE AEONIUM)

Exotic succulents for conservatories or very mild gardens. Plants produce a tall yellow pyramid of flowers. These perennial succulents can only be grown outside in the very mildest of gardens where there is danger of only slight frost and the soil is free draining. Otherwise they make excellent house or conservatory plants. If deprived of light (in winter, particularly), they loose some of their purple-ness and turn green in parts. The purple-ness returns with the return of the sun.

In their native country they sometimes seem to prefer shadier spots. They will tolerate a fair bit of our weaker British sunshine so if you have one growing inside ensure it still gets plenty of light, although not a very sunny windowsill. If grown in a pot make sure you don't over water (easily done) especially in winter and early spring before growth starts, otherwise rot quickly sets in and reduces roots to a mushy mess. However, if this does occur all is not lost. Take the remaining bits of healthy rosette or rosettes, remove the lower rotten section and place them in a seed tray filled with perlite - they should root out quite quickly. Aphids and slugs seem to be the most common pests but apart from that Aeoniums are pretty easy plants to grow and keep.

Propagated by us from cuttings.

Acer japonicum ecnifolium 'Full Moon' (Full Moon Maple)

A slow growing small tree with green leaves and a distinctive spreading habit followed by a domed shade in maturity. Bright red autumn colour. Can reach up to 30ft after 50 years.

Position: Best grown in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil in light shade. Protect from cold and drying winds in early spring. 'By cuttings'

Agapanthus 'Blue Storm' (Lily of the Nile)

Plant these en masse for maximum impact. The flowers are more much numerous but much less tall (to 4ft max) than in the huge and better known Agapanthus africanus. Drifts of them work wonders. The clue's in the name - it's an enormous amount of blue. It's also hardier than Agapanthus africanus but dies down in the winter. Flowers for several weeks during mid-summer.

Best in sun in any reasonably well drained soil.

A comparative comment on Agapanthuses : The big one (Agapanthus africanus) and the little ones (Agapanthus 'Blue Storm' and 'Snow Storm') cannot really be compared. It's tempting because they're both Agapanthuses and they both have green strappy leaves and either blue or white flowers but the big one stands alone and are so big that they can be used almost like topiary - a pair in pots either side of an entrance for example. There's no reason why you couldn't do the same with the smaller ones but the smaller ones really lend themselves to being planted in drifts - blue or white rivers wending their way through the garden. The point is, one's not comparing like with like.

ACER JAPONICUM ‘MEIGETSU’ (HARVEST MOON MAPLE)

It is an upright and strong grower reaching 2 or 3m over 10 years.

Best grown with their feet in the shade and head in the sun, in well drained, moist, neutral to acid soil, protected from cold and drying winds. Prune lightly for health but never when the sap is rising in the spring. Propagated by cuttings/grafted.

ACANTHUS MOLLIS (BIG SPINACH)

Bright green, leafy perennial, fully hardy and evergreen in mild areas. Will grow to about 3-4ft tall and across. Easy plant to cultivate. Acanthus will grow in sun or shade. It'll flower more in the sun but the leaves will look bigger and darker and shinier in the shade. The tall spikes (6ft ish) of purple-hooded white flowers appear in high summer. The carved leafy bits so characteristic of the capitals on Corinthian columns are they. Not surprising really as Acanthus grows everywhere around Corinth and evidently did 2500 years ago too.

Removal of old flowers and leaves (anything unsightly) is a great help - especially in winter. Severe frost (-4°c or below) will give the leaves a look that could be described as both glazed and floppy. It can look terminal but it's not. They recover wonderfully well as soon as the temperature rises.

PLEASE NOTE : this plant is occasionally susceptible to powdery mildew, an endemic  air-born fungus. It's easy to treat and we suggest the following action can be taken if you see the white powdery residue on the leaves. Remove as much of the affected parts as possible; clean up thoroughly and remove all rubbish from the area; spray with a general purpose ready to use systemic fungicide - one that contains myclobutanil - such as Fungus Fighter. Easy to cure. Alternatively, just remove ALL affected leaves and burn them.

ACER PALMATUM DISSECTUM (CUT LEAF MAPLE)

This is the green leafed form of Dissectum. The plant weeps more than some of the other Japanese Maples. The leaves are deeply cut and delicate and emerge in spring pale green and remain like that all summer but the autumn is one of the finest of all the Maples - bright scarlet.

It's one of the classic slow growing Japanese Maples - 10ft after 20-25 years. Any reasonably well drained soil (but not chalk) but they need light or partial shade out of strong winds.

Because they're so slow growing, they're surprisingly happy in a pot but don't allow them to dry out. This can lead to the tips browning and full recovery probably won't happen until the following year.

The most enjoyable bit about growing these (apart from looking at them) is practising your gentle Creative Maintenance skills upon them. Creating a beautifully domed and balanced head, raising the crown (removing lower branches) to display the branch structure at the base and just snipping off dead bits. Great fun.

These plants are grafted so if you see an alien sprig appearing at the base, cut it off.

N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.

As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.

ACACIA DEALBATA (MIMOSA)

Fast growing little evergreen tree - the classic Mimosa with the ferny leaves. Masses of fragrant yellow flowers in spring. Requires full sun and reasonably well drained (but not chalky) soil. The flowers are yellow, fragrant and copious. They form in the autumn but don't come out until early spring, so don't prune after late summer if you want flowers the following spring. As with most trees, they're programmed to go straight up to find the light (whether they need to or not). On a young tree this can give the impression that they're destined to be tall and slender which they're not. Most Acacias reach a height of about 15-25ft and grow out. The eventual shape of a mature tree is quite squat and wide. Man appears to have dominion over most living things so you can always shin up a ladder and give it a haircut. It won't mind - just do it after flowering (April) unless you dislike the flowers in which case you can do it earlier. Left to their own devices, relatively short (25ft ish), quite broad and not dense. A marvellous tree for screening (they take your eye away without cutting all the light out) but unfortunately not reliably frost hardy except in large built up or coastal areas. If damaged in exceptionally cold winters, a well established tree will often re shoot from the base; a new lease of life.

In early March, you suddenly begin to realise how un-rare (I can't say common) these are. Clouds of yellow flowers all over the place but generally in areas whose phone number begins 0208 or 0207 or within 6 or 7 miles of the coast.
Propagated by us by seed.

N.B. When clipping several plants with the same tool, have a bucket containing a 5% bleach solution and swish your blades around for 30 seconds between plants to sterilise them. This will help avoid the chance of cross contamination of disease.

As with all woody plants, plant high, exposing as much of the taper at the base of the trunk as possible. Allowing soil to accumulate round the base of a tree can be fatal. Keep very well watered when first planted.

ALOE STRIATULA (CORAL ALOE)

There are not many of the South African  Aloes that can be grown in Britain. This one is remarkably hardy. Some of it sprawls on the ground and some of it occasionally rears up to 3ft - or more if supported by a wall. Very cold weather will kill off the tips but it recovers. I've had it growing in my West Sussex frost pocket of a garden for many years. Yellow flowers that last for many weeks during the summer. Aloe vera is famous for its effect on burnt skin. You use the sap from a cut leaf to rub on the wound. Does this one have the same effect? Probably.

Forest Vegetation Simulator Models & Event Monitor Files

The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a family of models used for predicting forest stand dynamics (tree growth, mortality, regeneration, management, disturbance, etc.) throughout the United States. The Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team supports a variety of insect and pathogen models that allow FVS users to incorporate forest pest disturbances into their FVS projections.
The family of FVS models comprises 20 different geographic variants, each calibrated to local conditions. Insect and disease models for FVS are developed and maintained in partnership with Forest Health Protection and the Forest Management Service Center. The models take one of two forms: (1) FVS model extensions, which are integrated into and interact directly with the base FVS model, or (2) keyword component (kcp) files, which contain FVS keywords instructing the base FVS model to perform specific calculations and activities (such as mortality) during a simulation. Availability of insect and disease models varies by FVS variant, as summarized below.

Image represents a stand of Douglas-fir in the Fremont National Forest as simulated with the South Central Oregon Northeastern California variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and the Dwarf Mistletoe Model. View animation (Opens in new window/tab)

Donnie Avocado, Flower type A, West Indies race

This is one of the main cultivar in my grove in 2011 my 7 year old trees produced close to 100 lbs per tree. It is a peculiar fruit. Once the fruit sets and temperatures begins to warm up and rain or irrigation is regular they grow very fast and it is the earliest commercial variety to go to market in Florida. On 2011 I had Donie fruit the first week of June. Average fruit size is 16-28 oz. If you leave then on the tree the fruit keeps getting bigger, they start dropping off in August. I have seen this variety also spelled "Doni" "Donie".
Harvest 2012: My 8 year old trees produced an average of 110 lbs per tree.
December 26, 2012. The trees seem to be building the coli-flowers to get ready to flower very soon. In the top of the trees you can see a few opening flowers. The trees look clean, green and so far no white fly or sign of sooty mold like I had last year.
January 19, 2013: The trees are blooming and there are a lot of open flowers.
March 20, 2013: Looks like it will be a good year, fruit is setting very well. As good as I ever seen it. Flowers may have another 10-14 days to go.
April 14, 2013: The Donnies are off and running. Probably due to a mild and strange winter they set and are holding a good amount of fruit. Lets see it its true. I predict 140-150 lbs per tree on the average this year, We'll know by the end of July.
June 22, 2013: Seems like my Donnies are headed for a record year. I do notice this year their flavor is better than prior years.  So far I picked picked 110 lbs on the average per tree, may be I will not reach my prediction above.
August 1, 2013: I came in a bit off at 133 lbs per tree. A 20% increase over last year.
February 2, 2014: Some trees have open flowers, not a lot, seems to be behind last year. 
February 12, 2014: Flowering seems to be going slow this year,
February 27, 2014: Donnies are two to three days away to full bloom. Beta's are ahead of Donnies. This is the first time I see this. 
August 30, 2014: The Donnie season is over my trees produced and average of 200 lbs per tree. A very good and predictable early producer.
April 13, 2015: I have neglected to report on this variety. This year the late February cold snap, (I registered temperatures of 31 degrees in parts of my grove) cause all the fruit set to fall off along with flowers. The trees then set a second bloom that is just about finished. So this year there will be an light normal crop, with a not so large second crop. I have some fruit from the first set in the 3-4 oz range and some fruit the size of nickels and dimes.  No ideal how is going to play out in production.
Check out the page from Tropical Research and Education http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/crane/avocado/donnie.shtml

Doll Art

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Coconut Palm Tree

Coconut Palm Trees for Sale | FastGrowingTrees.com

Standing and drinking coconut water

Faruk Mollabari Miabazar
✳️ ID:- PBXF PBXF000000
Photos and Images Pictures Farok Farook, 🏡 Mollabari Mullabari, Miahbajar Miahbazar Miabajar Miabazar, Chauddagram, Comilla, Bangladesh.
01 November 2017 to 05 October 2019

Nice Kerala Land of the Coconut Trees

Kerala, God’s own country is known for greenery and scenic beauty making it one of the top destination spots in the world. Kerala is derived from the word “Kera” meaning Coconut and “Alam “ meaning land.  Thus Kerala is known as the Land of Coconut trees. Kerala is the leading producer of coconut and it contributes 45% of India’s coconut. 

Popularly known as “Kalpa Vriksham” each part of coconut trees have many uses. The leaves are used to make sheds, baskets and crafts etc. The husk used to make coir which is one of the leading industry of Kerala. The shell of the coconut is used for crafts, to make ladles and spoons. Coconut oil is one of the most used cooking oil in Kerala. Of course, coconut is the main ingredient of every Kerala dish. Thus every part of the tree is used in a way or another. Here we are listing the main industry related to coconut.

Coconut Palm Tree

Coconut Palm Trees for Sale | FastGrowingTrees.com

The Coconut Trees

The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The term “coconut” (or the archaic “cocoanut”) can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning “head” or “skull”, after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics.

It is one of the most useful trees in the world and is often referred to as the “tree of life”. It provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking – frying in particular – as well as in soaps and cosmetics. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration.

The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in the mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. It also plays a central role in the Coconut Religion of Vietnam. The falling nature of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.

Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. Coconut populations today can still be divided into two based on these separate introductions – the Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas only during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. Trees grow up to 30 m (100 ft) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. About 75% of the world’s supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India combined.

Why The Coconut Palm Points to the Sea

The coconut palm tree (Cocos nucifera) does something that very few trees do. It leans into wind.

Most trees have trunks that will bend away from the wind. A trunk that leans downwind is less exposed and structurally better for surviving strong winds. But the coconut palm is a rebel. Its trunk bends into wind.

Strictly speaking, the palm is growing towards the light (phototropism) not the wind, but since they grow best at the edge of tropical islands, the effect is the same, as most coastline trees are exposed to strongest winds from the sea.

Why does it do this? It is a bit odd for a tree to grow in a way that makes it more exposed and more vulnerable to storms from the sea.

There is a good reason. The palm tree needs to drop its seed, the coconut, as close to the water as possible. Many seeds are carried by wind or animals, but coconuts are taken to start a new life elsewhere, often on another island, by sea currents.

Besides, coconut palms are very sturdy individuals. It takes an extraordinarily strong wind to threaten them. A gale will shake some coconuts out of the tree, but is unlikely to tug hard enough at the roots to cause any problems. A storm will flatten a lot of other species before troubling the tough palm.

It is very likely you know where the sea is already if you can see coconut palms, but if not, remember they grow towards the light, usually the open skies of the ocean and away from the darkness of other trees.

If you look closely, you’ll actually notice that the main trunk leans towards the sea, but the very top bends back slightly towards the land. This is the result of the light and wind working in opposite directions. The top of the tree bears the brunt of the strongest winds.

Coconut trees

Caption Coconut trees (Cocos nucifera) along a tropical shoreline. Coconut trees are a type of palm tree that are widespread in the tropical regions of the world. Many parts of the plant are used by humans, including the leaves and wood, and the husk, flesh and water of the coconuts themselves. Photographed in Guam.

Golden Malay dwarf coconut tree

Golden Malay dwarf. 2 bare rooted plants. Dwarf (1/2 Normal Size). Yes with 35L+ Pot. They like full sun to 60% sun. Max Height (when in the ground with good conditions). Sun or Shade. ~4 to 5 Years.

Dwarf Coconut Cylone

The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.[1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The name comes from the old Portuguese and Spanish word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions, and are a cultural icon of the tropics.

How to keep the coconut trees healthy?

It is important to remember that good coconut palm trees may reach their peak production in 15 to 20 years and often produce up to 50 fruits annually. Multilayered fruits are frequently either picked from the plant's top or picked off when they fall to the ground. Even worse, some have a tendency to fall into the water, where they can travel great distances. Shallow fibrous-rooted coconut palm plants that can endure in excessively wet, sandy soils have the propensity to generate male and female flowers on almost the same inflorescence throughout the course of their lifespan and begin self-pollinating. Ultimately, the similarly vivid and somewhat swollen blooms encircle the immature, unripe fruit.
The people of the country typically place a great value on the coconut planting, which is the most important economic crop in the country. It is crucial to maintain the coconut farms secure and the plants healthy all year long so that they can produce as intended.
Tips for planting a healthy coconut tree
When it is warm and humid, it is the ideal and best time to grow a coconut palm plant (Cocos nucifera). So ideally throughout the summer. Nevertheless, an enormous number of coconut transplants are acceptable at any time of the year. The optimal place to transplant a young cacao palm is within 12 inches of rich soil. The coconut palm plant is very native to the Pacific coast, South America, and other countries with tropical conditions, so keep that in mind if you're actually planting coconut seeds. Additionally, unless you typically live in an area with an average annual rainfall of 60 inches and a relative humidity of 70 to 80%, do not plant coconut seeds outdoors. That is, unless you want to grow them in a real greenhouse.
These plants also thrive in coastal locations, which should be avoided at all costs while it's cold outside. Like tall varieties, they do not thrive in exceptionally strong gusts. It is recommended to protect them from all these dangers. Although the root system is quite shallow, planting coconut plantings must be done in sandy, loamy, well-drained soil for them to take root. This way it will start under the best circumstances and fairly quickly. For most in-ground plants, you will need to dig a hole that is at least 1 foot deep and 2 to 3 feet wide.
Coconut planting roots should also be planted just an inch or two under the soil surface. For most of the container-grown coco, a neatly placed pot with about 3 gallons in volume an estimate of 12 inches deep is considered the best. For the coconut plantings that are grown on the earth in most of the coastal areas where there are proper climate conditions and the ocean currents seem to be right, the farmers can go on to construct beds that are also multiple feet high and extremely wide, which tends to promote drainage away from the roots. Coco roots are also extremely sensitive to rot when found in low-lying areas. The space for the in-ground coconut palm plants is at least 100 feet apart to prevent overcrowding.
Sun and temperature for coconut planting
As a coconut palm plant (Cocos nucifera) tends to thrive well in the tropics, it usually needs the full direct sun for at least 6 hours within a day.  Coconut palm plants are also extremely sensitive to the cold. They can take on severe forms of damage at about 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes at continuous temperatures of 30 degrees, the coconut palm plants will surely die. That is probably why it’s so very important to ensure that your coconuts have the appropriate temperature conditions. Just as long as the overall humidity is at least 70%, there is a possibility that the coconut seeds can end up taking quite a fair bit of heat. Often times the dry heat is not that good for them. If there isn’t proper humidity there is a chance that the fruit drop can even occur.
Water and moisture of coconut farms
As soon as the sun comes up, water coconut palms near the base of the trunk until the top two inches of soil are suffic

Tree and Coconut 🥥

This article is about the plant. For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation).
"Coconut tree" redirects here. For other uses, see Coconut Tree (disambiguation).
"Grated coconut" redirects here. For the Pro-Rodeo Hall of Fame bucking horse, see Grated Coconut (horse).
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.[1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics.
Coconut
Temporal range: 55–0 Ma 
PreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN
Early Eocene – Recent


Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Clade:
Commelinids
Order:
Arecales
Family:
Arecaceae
Subfamily:
Arecoideae
Tribe:
Cocoseae
Genus:
Cocos
L.
Species:
C. nucifera
Binomial name
Cocos nucifera
L.

Possible native range prior to domestication
Synonyms[1]
Coccus Mill.
Calappa Steck
Coccos Gaertn.
The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, forms a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm  contains a large quantity of an almost clear liquid, called "coconut water" or "coconut juice". Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking – frying in particular – as well as in soaps and cosmetics. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration.
The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Austronesian cultures of the Western Pacific where it is featured in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. The fall of its mature fruit has led to a preoccupation with death by coconut.[3][4] It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions.[3][5] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian  cultures, where it is used in rituals of Hinduism. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. It also plays a central role in the Coconut Religion founded in 1963 in Vietnam.
Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian  and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or Pacific islands.
Trees can grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Plants are intolerant to cold and prefer copious precipitation and full sunlight. Many insec