In Rome itself the word forum denoted the flat and formerly marshy space between the Palatine and Capitoline hills (also called forum Romanum), which even during the regal period accommodated such public meetings as could not be held within the area Capitolina. In early times the forum Romanum was used for gladiatorial games, and over the colonnades were galleries for spectators; there were also shops of various kinds. Under the Roman Empire, when the forum became primarily a centre for religious and secular spectacles and ceremonies, it was the site of many of the cityβs most imposing temples and monuments. Among the structures surviving in whole or in part are the Temple of Castor and Pollux, the Temple of the Deified Caesar, the Mamertine Prison, the Curia (Senate house), the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vesta, the Temple of Romulus, the Arch of Titus, the Arch of Septimius Severus, and the Cloaca Maxima.
Also during the imperial period a considerable number of new forums, the fora civilia (judicial) and venalia (mercantile), came into existence. In addition to the forum Romanum, the forums of Caesar and Augustus belonged to the former class, the forum boarium (cattle), holitorium (vegetable), etc., to the latter.
The 1st-century-BC architect Vitruvius stated that the ideal forum should be large enough to accommodate a large crowd but not so large as to dwarf a small one. He proposed a 3:2 length-to-breadth ratio. It is to this proportion that Trajanβs Forum in Rome was erected early in the 2nd century AD. Commissioned by the emperor Trajan and designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, it measures approximately 920 by 620 feet (about 280 by 190 m) and covers about 25 acres (10 ha). Persons entered through a triple gateway into a colonnaded open space lined with merchantsβ booths. The forum is flanked by two semicircular, colonnaded exedrae. Opposite the gateway is the Basilica Ulpia, beyond which is Trajanβs Column, carved with relief sculpture depicting Trajanβs victories. The aesthetic harmony of this space has influenced many subsequent town planners.
Motishon Β· 3 months ago Published on 2025-11-02 02:10:48 ID NUMBER: 135675
The old picture of Manora Begam Pictures Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi Aktar Akter Akhtar Akhter Akthar Akther. IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics
Sat, Mar 2, 2019ββ’β11:21 PM
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0.4MP 632 x 633 259 kB
ποΈ Resting at home
π Inbox of Monora in 2019
π Saturday 02 March 2019 11 21 PM
π MNRB IM20190000
πΌοΈ Lovely picture
π Joined Blue and White Dresses of Nora and Mita 2021
π Sunday 12 December 2021 09:53 PM
π MNRB SMRT JBWDNM2021
Details
Dec 12, 2021
Sun, 9:53β―PM
GMT+05:30
Blue and White Dresses of Manora Begam and Susmita Akter BWDMBSA003.jpg
0.6MP
720 Γ 774
πΌοΈ Mother and daughter
π Joined Blue and White Dresses of Nora and Mita 2021
π Sunday 12 December 2021 09:52 PM
π MNRB SMRT JBWDNM2021
Details
Dec 12, 2021
Sun, 9:52β―PM
GMT+05:30
Blue and White Dresses of Manora Begam and Susmita Akter BWDMBSA001.jpg
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711 Γ 1260
Blue Dress, Manora Begam Money Bag Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:54 PM
IMG_20191105_204244.jpg
0.5MP 492 x 952 339 kB
ποΈ Sunglass devil
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02 54 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
Money Bag Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:54 PM
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0.6MP 584 x 985 383 kB
ποΈ Money bag empty
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02:54 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
Favorite Blue Dress, Manora Begam The Mirror Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:54 PM
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0.6MP 580 x 997 334 kB
ποΈ Mirror devil
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02:54 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
Manora Begam Money Bag Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:54 PM
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0.5MP 510 x 931 374 kB
ποΈ Devil of thought
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02:54 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
Blue Dress, Manora Begam
Money Bag Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:54 PM
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0.4MP 471 x 917 307 kB
ποΈ Big devil
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02:54 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
Favorites Farjana Akter Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rokeya Aktar Pakhi, Rukeya Aktar Pakhi, Favorite Blue of the Rukeya Aktar Pakhi IMG Images Photos Pictures Pics.
Fri, Nov 1, 2019ββ’β2:51 PM
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0.4MP 439 x 814 224 kB
ποΈ Monora is planning
π Monora Devil is Beautiful in 2019
π Friday 01 November 2019 02:51 PM
π MNRB MDB2019000
