In Rome itself the word forum denoted the flat and formerly marshy space between the Palatine and Capitoline hills (also called forum Romanum), which even during the regal period accommodated such public meetings as could not be held within the area Capitolina. In early times the forum Romanum was used for gladiatorial games, and over the colonnades were galleries for spectators; there were also shops of various kinds. Under the Roman Empire, when the forum became primarily a centre for religious and secular spectacles and ceremonies, it was the site of many of the cityโs most imposing temples and monuments. Among the structures surviving in whole or in part are the Temple of Castor and Pollux, the Temple of the Deified Caesar, the Mamertine Prison, the Curia (Senate house), the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vesta, the Temple of Romulus, the Arch of Titus, the Arch of Septimius Severus, and the Cloaca Maxima.
Also during the imperial period a considerable number of new forums, the fora civilia (judicial) and venalia (mercantile), came into existence. In addition to the forum Romanum, the forums of Caesar and Augustus belonged to the former class, the forum boarium (cattle), holitorium (vegetable), etc., to the latter.
The 1st-century-BC architect Vitruvius stated that the ideal forum should be large enough to accommodate a large crowd but not so large as to dwarf a small one. He proposed a 3:2 length-to-breadth ratio. It is to this proportion that Trajanโs Forum in Rome was erected early in the 2nd century AD. Commissioned by the emperor Trajan and designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, it measures approximately 920 by 620 feet (about 280 by 190 m) and covers about 25 acres (10 ha). Persons entered through a triple gateway into a colonnaded open space lined with merchantsโ booths. The forum is flanked by two semicircular, colonnaded exedrae. Opposite the gateway is the Basilica Ulpia, beyond which is Trajanโs Column, carved with relief sculpture depicting Trajanโs victories. The aesthetic harmony of this space has influenced many subsequent town planners.
Motishon ยท 3 months ago Published on 2025-11-02 02:10:48 ID NUMBER: 135675
Bottle in Billal Miah
Tuesday 23 April 2019 09 24 AM
Edited:- Friday 13 December 2019 11 22 AM
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Camera in Billal Miah
Tuesday 23 April 2019 09 23 AM
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Billal took selfie of everyone
Tuesday 23 April 2019 09:20 AM
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0.4MP 540 x 720 32 kB
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Selfie Billal Miah and Others
Tuesday 23 April 2019 09:15 AM
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Tue, Apr 23, 2019โโขโ9:15 AM
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2.4MP 1152 x 2048 90 kB
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Selfie of Billal Miah
Tuesday 23 April 2019 09:15 AM
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Tue, Apr 23, 2019โโขโ9:15 AM
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