In Rome itself the word forum denoted the flat and formerly marshy space between the Palatine and Capitoline hills (also called forum Romanum), which even during the regal period accommodated such public meetings as could not be held within the area Capitolina. In early times the forum Romanum was used for gladiatorial games, and over the colonnades were galleries for spectators; there were also shops of various kinds. Under the Roman Empire, when the forum became primarily a centre for religious and secular spectacles and ceremonies, it was the site of many of the city’s most imposing temples and monuments. Among the structures surviving in whole or in part are the Temple of Castor and Pollux, the Temple of the Deified Caesar, the Mamertine Prison, the Curia (Senate house), the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vesta, the Temple of Romulus, the Arch of Titus, the Arch of Septimius Severus, and the Cloaca Maxima.
Also during the imperial period a considerable number of new forums, the fora civilia (judicial) and venalia (mercantile), came into existence. In addition to the forum Romanum, the forums of Caesar and Augustus belonged to the former class, the forum boarium (cattle), holitorium (vegetable), etc., to the latter.
The 1st-century-BC architect Vitruvius stated that the ideal forum should be large enough to accommodate a large crowd but not so large as to dwarf a small one. He proposed a 3:2 length-to-breadth ratio. It is to this proportion that Trajan’s Forum in Rome was erected early in the 2nd century AD. Commissioned by the emperor Trajan and designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, it measures approximately 920 by 620 feet (about 280 by 190 m) and covers about 25 acres (10 ha). Persons entered through a triple gateway into a colonnaded open space lined with merchants’ booths. The forum is flanked by two semicircular, colonnaded exedrae. Opposite the gateway is the Basilica Ulpia, beyond which is Trajan’s Column, carved with relief sculpture depicting Trajan’s victories. The aesthetic harmony of this space has influenced many subsequent town planners.
Motishon · 3 months ago Published on 2025-11-02 02:10:48 ID NUMBER: 135675
Aci Animal Health -Batch 15-P is at Bangla,Hili Border,Hakimpur,Dinazpur. Dec 27, 2015. · A Successful Seminar On ... Bus car - Tiger Head
🗃️ Tiger head bus
📅 Friday 07 June 2019 01:58 PM
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Dreaming of Luxury? A Stay at This Plush 3 Bhk Villa in Lonavala Is Just What You Need!
November 25, 2019 Villas, Apartments & Homes
While a weekend escape to Lonavala & Khandala sounds like the perfect detox for all Mumbaikars and Pune folks, finding that perfect place to stay ... »
🗃️ Blogs for farmhouse in lonavala
📅 Monday 25 November 2019
📅 Friday 07 June 2019 01:58 PM
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Green coconuts are tasty, refreshing and are loaded with several nutrients and minerals. They can help in prevention of kidney stones. Green coconuts are also a great source of magnesium and can increase insulin sensitivity which can keep your blood sugar in check. Coconut also has powerful cholesterol-lowering properties. The water and tender meat of green coconuts can be used as a natural sports recovery drink.
🗃️ Green coconut
📅 Monday 07 October 2024 7:22 AM
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Discover why sandalwood trees, sold for ₹8–10 lakh each, aren’t widely farmed. Learn about its luxury market demand, 10-year growth period, and the patience needed for this profitable business!
#trending #farming #foodie #fruit #plants #viralvideo #planting #shorts #gardening
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🗃️ Sandalwood trees
📅 Tuesday 23 January 2024 1:53 PM
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Red lipped rose flowers are very beautiful to look at
লাল ঠোঁন্দের গোলাপ ফুল গুলি দেখতে খুবই সুন্দর লাগে
🗃️ Rose flowers
📅 Tuesday 23 January 2024 1:53 PM
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I want to give a huge shout-out to my top Stars senders. Thank you for all the support!
Kimberly Fonville, Sherrie Childress, Kishore Mallick, Biswajit Roy, Lakesha Robinson, Dean P. Guarin, Anwesha Ghosh, Pampa Riya Das, Priya Das, Mani Alex
🗃️ Art doll
📅 Tuesday 23 January 2024 1:52 PM
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Horat (Horse + Bat). Horat (Horse + Bat). It looks like a bat. It looks like a dog. Dog bird. A bird with wings.Flying animals and birds.
🗃️ Horat (Horse Bat)
📅 Wednesday 11 January 2023 11:44 PM
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