The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a family of models used for predicting forest stand dynamics (tree growth, mortality, regeneration, management, disturbance, etc.) throughout the United States. The Forest Health Assessment and Applied Sciences Team supports a variety of insect and pathogen models that allow FVS users to incorporate forest pest disturbances into their FVS projections.
The family of FVS models comprises 20 different geographic variants, each calibrated to local conditions. Insect and disease models for FVS are developed and maintained in partnership with Forest Health Protection and the Forest Management Service Center. The models take one of two forms: (1) FVS model extensions, which are integrated into and interact directly with the base FVS model, or (2) keyword component (kcp) files, which contain FVS keywords instructing the base FVS model to perform specific calculations and activities (such as mortality) during a simulation. Availability of insect and disease models varies by FVS variant, as summarized below.
Image represents a stand of Douglas-fir in the Fremont National Forest as simulated with the South Central Oregon Northeastern California variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and the Dwarf Mistletoe Model. View animation (Opens in new window/tab)
Username: Ajanta Published on 2024-12-25 02:47:51 ID NUMBER: 127787
The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect [Paperback] Pearl, Judea and Mackenzie, Dana
Correlation does not imply causation.' This mantra was invoked by scientists for decades in order to avoid taking positions as to whether one thing caused another, such as smoking and cancer and carbon dioxide and global warming. But today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, sparked by world-renowned computer scientist Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and placed cause and effect on a firm scientific basis. Now, Pearl and Science journalist Dana Mackenzie explain causal thinking to General readers for the first time, showing how it allows us to explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It is the essence of human and artificial intelligence. And just as pearl's discoveries have enabled machines to think better, the book of why explains how we can think better.
One of the most important abilities of a MGO is being curious – to ask those questions (and keep asking them) that get to the deeper set of answers that will reveal the key drivers of the caseload donor.
A basic lesson in marine biology as it applies to the aquarium hobby goes as follows: if you stock a tank with males and females of the same species, chances are they’ll mate and reproduce at some point, often during the spring, and the female will lay dozens of eggs for insemination. In some cases, fish are live-bearers and “mouthbrooders,” like the African cichlids in the picture. Some species will breed at a prolific pace that keeps fish keepers on their toes, so you’ll have to make certain decisions in this regard. Keeping only males or only females of the same species is recommended if you don’t want to deal with breeding. Otherwise, here are five tips you can follow when your fish reproduce.
Most fish species rest on the bottom whilst in their sleep phase and appear for all intents and purposes to be in a daydream-like state. Some even lie on their sides, like this peacock wrasse
The Ringtail Unicornfish, which occurs in tropical marine waters of the Indo-Pacific. All fish sleep, even the weird-looking ones. Bernard Spragg/Flickr
Pelagic fishing on the Great Barrier Reef is an exhilarating experience. These awesome fish inhabit the open ocean - including species like Tuna, Marlin, Spanish Mackerel and Mahi-mahi - and are an absolute challenge to catch.
The idea of taking a relaxing afternoon to cast your line and catch some fish is deeply engrained in our culture as a staple past time, and for good reason.
Les membres Animal Expert sont disposés à offrir à leurs clients des produits et services ainsi que des accessoires pour le bien-être et la santé de leurs animaux de compagnie.
Elephant expert claimed that “genetic memory” of elephants lasts for five generations and that explains the sudden appearance of the giant mammals in areas where they have never been seen before.
Understanding the elephant and taking measures will make it easier to find a solution to the elephant-man conflict. “Elephants tell us what cannot be easily said,” said Anand Shinde of Trunk Call the Wildlife Foundation while speaking at an event organised at Madkholkar College in Chandgad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) on the occasion of World Earth Day being celebrated on 22nd April. He shared his experiences about pacifying an elephant named Gajraj, who had killed three people in the sanctuary at Tadoba, as well as his other experiences.
He explained the nature, behaviour, mental state of the elephant is very similar to that of a human being and elephants easily express feelings of love, anger, laughter, mockery, etc. “If we want to preserve this very intelligent animal that has very sharp senses which can recognize odors up to seven kilometers away and communicate with each other for up to seven kilometers through sound waves that the human ear cannot hear, it will take at least five years for the efforts we start today to succeed.”
Shinde further said that we should remember that we will be safe in our homes only when the elephant is safe in its home and that the genetic memory of elephants lasts for five generations. That’s why in some areas where there was never an elephant in the past, elephants suddenly appear and we are surprised. In such a situation, it is likely that earlier generations of elephants lived there, and the present generations of elephants are traversing that area using the genetic memory of geography of that area, but we are unaware of that.
Trunk Call the Wildlife Foundation is implementing an elephant conservation programme in 70 villages, including 50 villages provided by the Maharashtra Forest Department and another 20 villages that have joined it on their own. Apart from elephant conservation, the biggest part of the programme is to educate people about elephants and bisons. For the past 20 years, the main part of the programme has been to give elephants an elephant’s corridor, restore their food chain that has ended, and secure their habitat, rather than bursting crackers, planting bio fences and blocking the elephant’s path through trenches. The organization and the forest department will continue to strive for the next few years to help reduce the conflict between elephants and humans.
Seasons change, and gardeners are presented with a plethora of seasonal options to grow in their stunning gardens. From evergreen plants to the ones preferring particular weather, the options are truly endless, and while humans can acclimatize to the changing climates, plants lend us so much variety to grow according to the weather outdoors.
There is a small green leaf that is growing out of a plant generative ai
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The mighty Linden Tree is one of our finest native trees. It graces our forests from southern Canada to northern Florida and west to the Great Plains. It grows tall and broad its medium large leaves creating a deep cooling shade.
The Tilia genus contains species that mainly differ in the size of their leaves. The common linden is actually a natural hybrid of the large-leaved and small-leaved linden, and it is a perfect middle ground of the two. An elegant species of linden tree, with much smaller leaves. With only one third the size of a regular linden leaf, it gives this tree a very fine appearance, in contrast to the bold character of common linden.
The twigs were captured from an old specimen in mid summer. The flowers have finished blossoming, and have folded up to turn into fruit. Clusters of fruit attach to an intense yellow-green leaf that acts to carry the seeds along in the wind. Their color is a striking contrast to the dark green of the regular leaves, something that is very visible even from far away.
