Huang Gongwang: Dwelling in the Fu-ch'un Mountains Dwelling in the Fu-ch'un Mountains, detail of a hand scroll by Huang Gongwang, 1347β50, Yuan dynasty; in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan.
Huang Gongwang (born 1269, Changshu, Jiangsu province, Chinaβdied 1354) was the oldest of the group of Chinese painters later known as the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty (1206β1368). He was often cited meritoriously by later painters and critics for his rectitude (even though he briefly served in a junior capacity in the Mongol administration) and for his intense association with nature.
Huang spent most of his later years in retirement in the Fuchun Mountains, which he recorded in a long hand scroll produced over a three-year period (1347β50). He is known also for his accomplishments in literary arts and thus is listed among the paragons of the βliterati paintingβ (wenrenhua) ideal. His style of and attitude toward landscape painting stand at a pivotal midpoint between such ancient masters as Dong Yuan and Juran in the Five Dynasties period and Shen Zhou, Dong Qichang, the Four Wangs, and others of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
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YoungBoy Never Broke Again Published on 2025-08-12 04:01:04
Botulinum Toxin Injections for Blepharospasm. Botulinum toxin injections may be administered at various sites, as depicted in the image. The dosage varies depending on the severity of the blepharospasm and apraxia of eyelid opening at each specific point. Pretarsal injections are administered to specifically counteract apraxia of eyelid opening. Injections just lateral to the lateral nasal wall aim to alleviate the squeezing of the nasalis muscle, which is observed in some patients. Injections into the corrugator and procerus muscles reduce the downward movement of the brow, consequently aiding eyelid control. Injections just below the brows provide a chemical lift to the brows, thereby improving the ability to open the eyelids. Caution is warranted to inject a minimal amount over the zygomaticus major and minor muscles to prevent the appearance of lower facial weakness following injections. Contributed by BCK Patel, MD, FRCS
Blepharospasm, also known as the uncontrolled muscle twitching, that forces your eyelids closed, can be a debilitating and disruptive condition that can affect your vision. Fortunately, this condition, while relatively rare, is treatable with the right approach.
What causes blepharospasm?
Most research indicates that blepharospasm is a neurological condition caused by two main areas of the brain: the basal ganglia and the cranial nerve VII (CN VII). The basal ganglia is responsible for coordinating movement in the brain, while the CN VII is responsible for controlling facial movements and expressions. Put simply, this condition occurs when the areas of the brain controlling your eyelid muscles malfunction, resulting in twitching or spasms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of blepharospasm, including sex (females are more likely to experience this condition than males), age (individuals aged 50-70 years old are at the greatest risk), genetics (research indicates that blepharospasm tends to run in families), a previous history of eye injury or neurological conditions, and other factors.
What are the symptoms of blepharospasm?
While eye twitching is the only symptom of blepharospasm, some signs could indicate that your eye twitches are a result of blepharospasm. They include:
The duration in which your eyes open and close
The degree to which your eyes close
A spasm in both eyes (blepharospasm rarely presents in only one eye)
Lack of control over the spasms
There is a pattern to the spasms rather than random movement
You blink often
How is blepharospasm diagnosed?
While blepharospasm alone isnβt a particularly dangerous condition, it can create hazardous conditions for driving, work, and more. Diagnosing blepharospasm can play an important role in averting future dangerous accidents. The process typically involves a neurological exam, physical exam, and medical history. However, accurately diagnosing blepharospasm can be tricky. If you suspect you may have blepharospasm, talk to a TPMG Neurologist about what next steps may be right for you.
How do you treat blepharospasm?
There are a range of treatment options for those with blepharospasm, both surgical options and noninvasive methods. Oftentimes, your doctor will treat the cause of the blepharospasm in order to reduce your symptoms. Treatment options include:
Botox injections
Specially tinted eyeglasses
Surgery
Lifestyle changes (reducing stress, getting more sleep, cutting down on caffeine, etc.)
Blepharospasm rarely resolves itself on its own. Interventions with a doctor will help you regain quality of life. For more information regarding the treatment of blepharospasm, speak to a TPMG Neurologist today.
China's wandering elephants may finally be heading home
Assa Β· 2023 ago
China's wandering elephants may finally be heading home
Updated At: Aug 09, 2021 05:07 PM
Beautiful Image
Pic for representational purpose only. iStock
Beijing, Aug 9
An elephant herd that fascinated locals and people around the world by making a yearlong journey into urbanized southwest China, raiding farms and even a retirement home for food, appears finally to be headed home. Local authorities have deployed trucks, workers and drones to monitor the elephants, evacuated roads for them to pass safely and used food to steer them away from populated areas. Despite their entrance into villages and a close approach to the Yunnan provincial capital of Kunming, no animals or humans have been injured.
Username: Assa
Published: Sun 31 March 2024 06:57 AM
Code number: BOXNUMBER1
Botulinum Toxin Injections for Blepharospasm. Botulinum toxin injections may be administered at various sites, as depicted in the image. The dosage varies depending on the severity of the blepharospasm and apraxia of eyelid opening at each specific point. Pretarsal injections are administered to specifically counteract apraxia of eyelid opening. Injections just lateral to the lateral nasal wall aim to alleviate the squeezing of the nasalis muscle, which is observed in some patients. Injections into the corrugator and procerus muscles reduce the downward movement of the brow, consequently aiding eyelid control. Injections just below the brows provide a chemical lift to the brows, thereby improving the ability to open the eyelids. Caution is warranted to inject a minimal amount over the zygomaticus major and minor muscles to prevent the appearance of lower facial weakness following injections. Contributed by BCK Patel, MD, FRCS
Blepharospasm, also known as the uncontrolled muscle twitching, that forces your eyelids closed, can be a debilitating and disruptive condition that can affect your vision. Fortunately, this condition, while relatively rare, is treatable with the right approach.
What causes blepharospasm?
Most research indicates that blepharospasm is a neurological condition caused by two main areas of the brain: the basal ganglia and the cranial nerve VII (CN VII). The basal ganglia is responsible for coordinating movement in the brain, while the CN VII is responsible for controlling facial movements and expressions. Put simply, this condition occurs when the areas of the brain controlling your eyelid muscles malfunction, resulting in twitching or spasms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of blepharospasm, including sex (females are more likely to experience this condition than males), age (individuals aged 50-70 years old are at the greatest risk), genetics (research indicates that blepharospasm tends to run in families), a previous history of eye injury or neurological conditions, and other factors.
What are the symptoms of blepharospasm?
While eye twitching is the only symptom of blepharospasm, some signs could indicate that your eye twitches are a result of blepharospasm. They include:
The duration in which your eyes open and close
The degree to which your eyes close
A spasm in both eyes (blepharospasm rarely presents in only one eye)
Lack of control over the spasms
There is a pattern to the spasms rather than random movement
You blink often
How is blepharospasm diagnosed?
While blepharospasm alone isnβt a particularly dangerous condition, it can create hazardous conditions for driving, work, and more. Diagnosing blepharospasm can play an important role in averting future dangerous accidents. The process typically involves a neurological exam, physical exam, and medical history. However, accurately diagnosing blepharospasm can be tricky. If you suspect you may have blepharospasm, talk to a TPMG Neurologist about what next steps may be right for you.
How do you treat blepharospasm?
There are a range of treatment options for those with blepharospasm, both surgical options and noninvasive methods. Oftentimes, your doctor will treat the cause of the blepharospasm in order to reduce your symptoms. Treatment options include:
Botox injections
Specially tinted eyeglasses
Surgery
Lifestyle changes (reducing stress, getting more sleep, cutting down on caffeine, etc.)
Blepharospasm rarely resolves itself on its own. Interventions with a doctor will help you regain quality of life. For more information regarding the treatment of blepharospasm, speak to a TPMG Neurologist today.
China's wandering elephants may finally be heading home
Assa Β· 2023 ago
China's wandering elephants may finally be heading home
Updated At: Aug 09, 2021 05:07 PM
Beautiful Image
Pic for representational purpose only. iStock
Beijing, Aug 9
An elephant herd that fascinated locals and people around the world by making a yearlong journey into urbanized southwest China, raiding farms and even a retirement home for food, appears finally to be headed home. Local authorities have deployed trucks, workers and drones to monitor the elephants, evacuated roads for them to pass safely and used food to steer them away from populated areas. Despite their entrance into villages and a close approach to the Yunnan provincial capital of Kunming, no animals or humans have been injured.
Username: Assa
Published: Sun 31 March 2024 06:57 AM
Code number: BOXNUMBER1
