Notre-Dame de Paris

In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hugo recreates the vibrant, intense atmosphere of 15th-century life to remind his readers of the splendor and significance of Paris’s Gothic past. The book doubles as a plea for the preservation of the city’s historic Gothic architecture (and thus its heritage). His plea was met with great success. The first printing, by publisher Charles Gosselin, was distributed in four issues of 275 copies each, and the novel was instantly, incredibly popular. Many thousands of printings followed. The Hunchback of Notre Dame circulated widely, inspiring illustrations by lithographers, painters, book illustrators, and even cartoonists. Images from the novel (especially images of the cathedral) became known to individuals at all levels of society. Notre-Dame de Paris became a French national icon, and the proliferation of images of the cathedral helped revive the use and prestige of Gothic forms. An extensive program of renovation, overseen by French restoration specialist Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, was undertaken in the mid-1840s, and in the latter half of the 19th century Gothic monuments began to regain their religious significance.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The Hunchback of Notre Dame has been adapted several times for the stage and screen. One of the most notable film versions was directed by William Dieterle; it was released in 1939 and starred Charles Laughton and Maureen O’Hara, though its happy ending diverged significantly from Hugo’s novel. Other screen adaptations include a 1923 silent film featuring Lon Chaney and a 1956 version starring Anthony Quinn and Gina Lollobrigida.

Socks smell when wearing shoes in winter, tips to solve

With the change of seasons, winter has descended in the country.  And at this time many people's feet smell bad when they wear shoes with socks.  Foot odor is usually caused by wearing socks for a long time.  The biggest cause of sweaty feet in winter is wearing covered shoes.  But sweat is not the only cause of bad breath.  Foot odor is called bromodosis.

Learn what to do in such situations

1) Many people get sweaty feet even in winter.  So take care of your feet first.  Every night come home and soak your feet in warm water with salt.  Then wipe well and apply moisturizer.

 2) Wash socks daily.  Use Dettol water if you can, or buy multiple socks and change them occasionally.  You will see that the problem will be solved.

 3) Don't forget to spray perfume on socks.  This can make the problem worse.
 4) Wash feet well before wearing socks.  Take some baking soda and rub it on your feet.  You will see that the problem will go away.

 5) Back home put some paper inside the shoes.  It will remove the bad smell in the shoes.

 6) Put the shoes in the sun once a week.  It will also keep the shoes clean and smell free.  If necessary, you can put naphtholine in the shoes.

শীতে জুতো পরলে মোজায় গন্ধ, সমাধানে রইল টিপস

ঋতু পরিবর্তনের পালাবদলে দেশে নেমেছে শীত। আর এই সময় মোজা দিয়ে জুতা পরায় অনেকের পায়েই দুর্গন্ধ হয়। সাধারণত দীর্ঘক্ষণ মোজা পরে থাকার কারণে পায়ে দুর্গন্ধ হয়। শীতে পা ঘামার বড় কারণ পা ঢাকা জুতা পরা। তবে শুধু ঘামের জন্যই যে দুর্গন্ধ হয়, তা নয়। পায়ে দুর্গন্ধ হওয়াকে বলা হয় ব্রোমোডোসিস।

এমন পরিস্থিতিতে কী করবেন জেনে নিন

১) শীতকালেও অনেকের পা ঘেমে যায়। তাই পায়ের যত্ন নিন সবার আগে। প্রতিদিন রাতে বাড়ি ফিরে উষ্ণ পানিতে লবণ ফেলে পা ভিজিয়ে রাখুন। তারপর ভালো করে মুছে নিয়ে ময়েশ্চারাইজার লাগিয়ে নিন।

২) প্রতিদিন মোজা ধুয়ে নিন। পারলে ডেটল পানি ব্যবহার করুন, কিংবা একাধিক মোজা কিনে মাঝে মধ্যে বদলে নিন। দেখবেন এতে সমস্যা মিটবে।

৩) ভুলেও গন্ধ মোজায় পারফিউম স্প্রে করবেন না। এতে সমস্যা আরও বাড়তে পারে।

৪) মোজা পরার আগে ভালো করে পা ধুয়ে নিন। একটু বেকিং সোডা হাতে নিয়ে ভালো করে পায়ে ঘষে নিন। দেখবেন এতে সমস্যা দূর হবে।

৫) বাড়িতে ফিরে জুতার মধ্যে কিছুটা পরিমাণ কাগজ ঢুকিয়ে রাখুন। এতে জুতার মধ্যে হওয়া দুর্গন্ধ দূর হবে।

৬) সপ্তাহে একবার জুতা রোদে দিন। এতে জুতাও ভালো থাকবে এবং দুর্গন্ধও হবে না। প্রয়োজনে জুতার মধ্যে ন্যাপথোলিন রাখতে পারেন।

Animals That Turn White in Winter

As temperatures drop and autumn gives way to the seemingly ceaseless snows of winter, some animals in northerly climes exchange their pelage or plumage of summer drab for the purest white. Unlike many white animals associated with the north, such as polar bears and snowy owls, which are white all year, these creatures shift their colors with the seasons. Why this happens is not entirely clear. While camouflage is one evolutionary factor that has selected for seasonally white fur, it is likely that the switch to winter whites confers other advantages as well. Scientists believe that if staying hidden were the only upside, many more snow dwellers would be white, but that is not the case. In fact, most Arctic animals do not change color with the seasons at all, even species closely related to those that do. One theory is that a pale coat may have better insulating properties—because melanin, the substance responsible for colored hair, is absent from white fur, leaving air spaces in the hair shaft.

Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus)

Several species of hares—including the Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), the mountain hare (L. timidus), and the snowshoe hare (L. americanus)—turn from brown or grayish to white in the winter. The color change is thought to be at least partially linked to photoperiod—that is, the amount of light received during the day. As the days shorten, receptors in the retina transmit that information to the hare’s brain, stimulating the replacement of brown hair to white, starting with the extremities. One study has shown that global warming may be a major threat to the survival of these animals. By reducing snow cover, the climatic phenomenon throws a wrench in the timing of the color change, leaving milk-colored animals to conceal themselves against earth-colored surroundings.

Stoat, or short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea)

Three species of weasels swap their warm summer browns for icy whites: the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), the long-tailed weasel (M. frenata), and the short-tailed weasel, or stoat (M. erminea). The latter species is perhaps best known as the ermine, also the name of its winter fur, which is white except for the black tip of the tail. The uniquely patterned fur was once used to trim the robes of royalty and clergy. Weasels of the same species that live in more southerly climates usually don’t change color, though their more northerly relatives do. In transition zones, some weasels only partially change color, resulting in patchy white-and-brown fur. Interestingly, color-changing weasels have been shown to change color regardless of temperature or location, suggesting that they too rely on photoperiod to cue their molts.

Peary Caribou

A subspecies of caribou native to the High Arctic of Canada and Greenland, Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) exchange their silvery summer coats for white ones with the coming of winter. They are the only subspecies of caribou to undergo such a change. Other subspecies remain brown or gray year-round, though the shades may lighten slightly with the growth of their winter coats. Peary caribou are the smallest subspecies of caribou and, because of their morphological differences, were once considered a separate species.

Notre-Dame de Paris

In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hugo recreates the vibrant, intense atmosphere of 15th-century life to remind his readers of the splendor and significance of Paris’s Gothic past. The book doubles as a plea for the preservation of the city’s historic Gothic architecture (and thus its heritage). His plea was met with great success. The first printing, by publisher Charles Gosselin, was distributed in four issues of 275 copies each, and the novel was instantly, incredibly popular. Many thousands of printings followed. The Hunchback of Notre Dame circulated widely, inspiring illustrations by lithographers, painters, book illustrators, and even cartoonists. Images from the novel (especially images of the cathedral) became known to individuals at all levels of society. Notre-Dame de Paris became a French national icon, and the proliferation of images of the cathedral helped revive the use and prestige of Gothic forms. An extensive program of renovation, overseen by French restoration specialist Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, was undertaken in the mid-1840s, and in the latter half of the 19th century Gothic monuments began to regain their religious significance.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The Hunchback of Notre Dame has been adapted several times for the stage and screen. One of the most notable film versions was directed by William Dieterle; it was released in 1939 and starred Charles Laughton and Maureen O’Hara, though its happy ending diverged significantly from Hugo’s novel. Other screen adaptations include a 1923 silent film featuring Lon Chaney and a 1956 version starring Anthony Quinn and Gina Lollobrigida.

Socks smell when wearing shoes in winter, tips to solve

With the change of seasons, winter has descended in the country.  And at this time many people's feet smell bad when they wear shoes with socks.  Foot odor is usually caused by wearing socks for a long time.  The biggest cause of sweaty feet in winter is wearing covered shoes.  But sweat is not the only cause of bad breath.  Foot odor is called bromodosis.

Learn what to do in such situations

1) Many people get sweaty feet even in winter.  So take care of your feet first.  Every night come home and soak your feet in warm water with salt.  Then wipe well and apply moisturizer.

 2) Wash socks daily.  Use Dettol water if you can, or buy multiple socks and change them occasionally.  You will see that the problem will be solved.

 3) Don't forget to spray perfume on socks.  This can make the problem worse.
 4) Wash feet well before wearing socks.  Take some baking soda and rub it on your feet.  You will see that the problem will go away.

 5) Back home put some paper inside the shoes.  It will remove the bad smell in the shoes.

 6) Put the shoes in the sun once a week.  It will also keep the shoes clean and smell free.  If necessary, you can put naphtholine in the shoes.

শীতে জুতো পরলে মোজায় গন্ধ, সমাধানে রইল টিপস

ঋতু পরিবর্তনের পালাবদলে দেশে নেমেছে শীত। আর এই সময় মোজা দিয়ে জুতা পরায় অনেকের পায়েই দুর্গন্ধ হয়। সাধারণত দীর্ঘক্ষণ মোজা পরে থাকার কারণে পায়ে দুর্গন্ধ হয়। শীতে পা ঘামার বড় কারণ পা ঢাকা জুতা পরা। তবে শুধু ঘামের জন্যই যে দুর্গন্ধ হয়, তা নয়। পায়ে দুর্গন্ধ হওয়াকে বলা হয় ব্রোমোডোসিস।

এমন পরিস্থিতিতে কী করবেন জেনে নিন

১) শীতকালেও অনেকের পা ঘেমে যায়। তাই পায়ের যত্ন নিন সবার আগে। প্রতিদিন রাতে বাড়ি ফিরে উষ্ণ পানিতে লবণ ফেলে পা ভিজিয়ে রাখুন। তারপর ভালো করে মুছে নিয়ে ময়েশ্চারাইজার লাগিয়ে নিন।

২) প্রতিদিন মোজা ধুয়ে নিন। পারলে ডেটল পানি ব্যবহার করুন, কিংবা একাধিক মোজা কিনে মাঝে মধ্যে বদলে নিন। দেখবেন এতে সমস্যা মিটবে।

৩) ভুলেও গন্ধ মোজায় পারফিউম স্প্রে করবেন না। এতে সমস্যা আরও বাড়তে পারে।

৪) মোজা পরার আগে ভালো করে পা ধুয়ে নিন। একটু বেকিং সোডা হাতে নিয়ে ভালো করে পায়ে ঘষে নিন। দেখবেন এতে সমস্যা দূর হবে।

৫) বাড়িতে ফিরে জুতার মধ্যে কিছুটা পরিমাণ কাগজ ঢুকিয়ে রাখুন। এতে জুতার মধ্যে হওয়া দুর্গন্ধ দূর হবে।

৬) সপ্তাহে একবার জুতা রোদে দিন। এতে জুতাও ভালো থাকবে এবং দুর্গন্ধও হবে না। প্রয়োজনে জুতার মধ্যে ন্যাপথোলিন রাখতে পারেন।

Animals That Turn White in Winter

As temperatures drop and autumn gives way to the seemingly ceaseless snows of winter, some animals in northerly climes exchange their pelage or plumage of summer drab for the purest white. Unlike many white animals associated with the north, such as polar bears and snowy owls, which are white all year, these creatures shift their colors with the seasons. Why this happens is not entirely clear. While camouflage is one evolutionary factor that has selected for seasonally white fur, it is likely that the switch to winter whites confers other advantages as well. Scientists believe that if staying hidden were the only upside, many more snow dwellers would be white, but that is not the case. In fact, most Arctic animals do not change color with the seasons at all, even species closely related to those that do. One theory is that a pale coat may have better insulating properties—because melanin, the substance responsible for colored hair, is absent from white fur, leaving air spaces in the hair shaft.

Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus)

Several species of hares—including the Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), the mountain hare (L. timidus), and the snowshoe hare (L. americanus)—turn from brown or grayish to white in the winter. The color change is thought to be at least partially linked to photoperiod—that is, the amount of light received during the day. As the days shorten, receptors in the retina transmit that information to the hare’s brain, stimulating the replacement of brown hair to white, starting with the extremities. One study has shown that global warming may be a major threat to the survival of these animals. By reducing snow cover, the climatic phenomenon throws a wrench in the timing of the color change, leaving milk-colored animals to conceal themselves against earth-colored surroundings.

Stoat, or short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea)

Three species of weasels swap their warm summer browns for icy whites: the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), the long-tailed weasel (M. frenata), and the short-tailed weasel, or stoat (M. erminea). The latter species is perhaps best known as the ermine, also the name of its winter fur, which is white except for the black tip of the tail. The uniquely patterned fur was once used to trim the robes of royalty and clergy. Weasels of the same species that live in more southerly climates usually don’t change color, though their more northerly relatives do. In transition zones, some weasels only partially change color, resulting in patchy white-and-brown fur. Interestingly, color-changing weasels have been shown to change color regardless of temperature or location, suggesting that they too rely on photoperiod to cue their molts.

Peary Caribou

A subspecies of caribou native to the High Arctic of Canada and Greenland, Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) exchange their silvery summer coats for white ones with the coming of winter. They are the only subspecies of caribou to undergo such a change. Other subspecies remain brown or gray year-round, though the shades may lighten slightly with the growth of their winter coats. Peary caribou are the smallest subspecies of caribou and, because of their morphological differences, were once considered a separate species.