Inflammation of the liver, basically known as viral hepatitis, is a serious medical condition caused by hepatic viral diseases. Hepatitis A, B, and C are some of the most common types of viral hepatitis.
It is worth bearing in mind that infection caused by viruses like the yellow fever virus and cytomegalovirus may create certain complications to the liver.
Examples of hepatic viral diseases are:
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Clinical Manifestation
Fever
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Jaundice, yellowing of your skin and eyes
Fatigue
Nausea and/or vomiting
Clay-colored bowel movements
Dark urine
Joint pain
Transmission
Hepatitis B and C can be spread from one individual to another through body fluids, for instance, transfusion of blood. Also, sharing personal items such as razors and needles that came into contact with blood transfers the virus. Hepatitis B also spreads by maintaining sexual contact with an infected person, and if someone already has hepatitis B can develop hepatitis D in the future. Consumption of food and water polluted by feces from someone having a virus can cause hepatitis A and E.
Treatment
Hepatitis B, C, and D are treated by managing the clinical signs and symptoms. Medications like antiviral drugs are recommended by the physician.
Hepatitis A and E are treated by taking supportive measures like saying no to alcohol, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking proper rest and sleep.
Prevention
Vaccines are available for both hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
Some other precautions to prevent viral hepatitis are:
Do not share razors or needles
Practice safe sex
Do not consume food and drinks that may be contaminated by feces
Some viruses infect the brain and tissues surrounding it, which leads to neurologic viral diseases.
Examples of neurologic viral diseases are:
Viral meningitis
Rabies
Polio
Viral encephalitis
Clinical Manifestation
Confusion
Seizures
Fever
Drowsiness
Coordination problems
Transmission
Various neurological viruses transmit after getting bitten by an infected animal or bugs, like ticks and mosquitoes.
While viruses like poliovirus and enterovirus are communicable and transmitted when an individual comes in close contact with a person with a virus. These viruses can also get spread through contaminated items.
Treatment
There is no particular treatment available for a person with mild meningitis or encephalitis. Having OTC anti-inflammatories, taking proper rest, and drinking plenty of water helps to relieve the pain or headaches. In certain cases, physicians may recommend taking antiviral medication.
Person suffering from polio or serious viral meningitis or encephalitis may need further medical assistance like breathing assistance and intravenous fluids.
If any animal bites someone and is under suspicion to have rabies, a series of shots will be administered to the person, which will prevent the rabies virus from spreading in the body.
Prevention
Maintaining good hygiene
Try to avoid close contact with the person having the virus
Preventing ourselves from getting bitten by the insects
Keep your pets vaccinated to decrease the spread of rabies and also stay away from wild animals
Get a vaccine for both poliovirus and mumps virus
Lesions and papules form on the skin because of cutaneous viral diseases. In the majority of cases, lesions remain on the skin for a long period of time or reappear again after disappearing for a short time.
Examples of cutaneous viral diseases are:
Oral herpes
Molluscum contagiosum
Warts, including genital warts
Genital herpes
Transmission
These viruses are transferable and generally spread through close contact with a person having a virus. Touching or using objects such as towels or faucet handles that are contaminated by the virus can cause the infection.
Treatment
Warts or molluscum contagiosum form papules that heal on their own. A simple-in-office procedure like cryotherapy can also be done to remove the papules.
Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir are prescribed by the doctor to reduce or prevent outbreaks.
Prevention
Maintaining a good hygiene routine
Avoid sharing personal items
Close contact with the person having active lesions should be avoided to lessen the risk of developing the infection.
Exanthematous virus diseases give rise to skin rashes, and most of them lead to other added symptoms too. The majority of the viruses in this classification are extremely communicable.
Examples of exanthematous virus diseases are:
Rubella
Smallpox
Chikungunya virus infection
Roseola
Measles
Fifth disease
Clinical Manifestation
Pink-to-red spots or bumps on the trunk, legs, and arms
A rash may be itchy
Fatigue
Fever
Loss of appetite
Pain
Irritability
Transmission
These viruses transmit through the droplets from the sneeze or cough of an infected person.
Virus diseases like smallpox and chickenpox spread when a person comes into contact with fluid in broken derm lesions.
People suffering from chickenpox develop shingles eventually as it is a regeneration of the virus 'varicella- zoster' that has been resting in the body's cell.
Chikungunya virus transmitted via mosquito bite is a non-communicable disease that cannot be spread from one person to another.
Treatment
Treatment of these diseases targets managing the clinical manifestation. Medications like acetaminophen help to reduce fever and some other distressing symptoms.
The person having chickenpox or shingles infections is recommended to take antivirals medications like acyclovir.
Prevention
Vaccines for measles, chickenpox, smallpox, and shingles are available. The risk of developing chikungunya virus infection can be prevented by protecting against mosquito bites.
Conclusion
There are several virus diseases, such as stomach flu or the common cold, that are minor and go away on their own in a few days only. However, some are very serious.
Basically, virus diseases don't respond to antibiotics, and their treatment generally focuses on the management of their clinical manifestation. One can support their immune system by taking proper rest and sleep, maintaining good hygiene, taking a balanced diet, and keeping the body hydrated.
The human head comprises a fleshy exterior layer covering the bone structure called a Skull. The front of the head consists of the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth which is called as Face. The main function of the head is to envelop and support the brain and its primary sensory organs like the mouth, eye, ears, and nose. These organs function by accepting messages from the nervous system in the brain and then reacting accordingly. The head is probably the most sensitive part of the human body. The vascular and muscular structures of the head contain millions of small interconnected parts and nerves that need to be located very precisely to their location to work properly. The human head includes several parts such as Skull, Cranium, Mandible, Maxilla, Nasal bone, Zygomatic bone for the eye and the face includes, eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and tongue.
Upper limbs include the shoulder, arms, upper arm, elbow, forearm, hand, wrist, palm, and fingers. In casual language, the term arm usually refers to the entire upper limb starting from the shoulder to the fingers. But the part between the shoulder and elbow is known as the upper arm and the part between the elbow and wrist is called Forearm.
Shoulder
It is a ball and socket-like joint located where the humerus end and clavicle and scapula are present.
Elbow
It is a hinge joint between the humerus and ulna.
Hands
The hands are an important part of the body because it acts evolutionary to all environmental stimuli. Both the hands are controlled by the left or right brain hemisphere so it depends on it for preferred hand choice for single-handed activities like writing, eating, etc. This reflects the trait of a particular individual and thus can vary from person to person.
Lower Limb
The lower limbs consist of the hip, butts, leg, thighs, calves, lower leg, knee, ankle, foot, heel, and toes.
Buttock
The butts are a mass of glutes or glute muscles covered by a thick layer of fat.
Leg
The leg is often said as a lower limb of the body which extends from the area of the hip to the ankle by involving the thighs, knees, and the lower leg.
Lower Leg
The lower leg is located between the knee and ankle, involving bones such as the tibia and fibula. The muscle enclosing the back of the lower leg is called a calf.
Thigh
It is the area between the abdomen and the knee. The bone in the thigh is called Femur and it is very thick and known as the longest bone in the body. The bone is in the structure of the ball and socket located below between the hip and the joint at the knee.
Knee
It is the lower joint connecting the femur bone and the tibia. The knee is made of two separate joints named femoral-patellar and femoral tibial joints. The femoral-patellar joint has a patella or kneecap and the groove of the kneecap on the front side of the femur helps in sliding whereas the femoral-tibial joint connects the femur, and thigh bone with the tibia and the main bone to the lower leg. The knee also consists of cartilage tissue that prevents the rubbing of bones on each other, hence called the Menisci.
Ankle
It is the joint that formed between the foot and the lower leg. The ankle is a hinge joint that links the distal end of the tibia and fibula in the lower leg with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot.
The foot is made to bear the weight of the whole body. They do have five toes and the bottom of the foot is called the sole. The ball in the foot is a place where the toes are attached. It is fleshy and muscular. Runners usually run by putting all the body weight on the balls of their feet for maintaining proper balance.
The torso or trunk is the largest part of the body. The main role of the trunk is to provide the core structure and a shape to the human body and to store all the internal organs like the heart, lungs, kidney stomach, liver, etc. to perform vital functions in the body. The torso also contains several bloody vessels and capillaries that exchange oxygen flow in the whole body.
One of the most important parts of the body is the Spine which provides support to the body. The spine is composed of separated bones called vertebrae; the cartilage tissue is present between vertebrae that prevent clashing of the bones. There is a total of 26 vertebrae in the spine.
Chest is the another main part of the body protected by a cage of many bones named the rib cage. The rib cage encloses the heart, lungs, and other internal organs. The muscles connected in this region are known as the pectoral muscle and trapezius muscle.
The torso includes parts such as the shoulder, chest, and rib cage enclosing the heart and lungs, the upper abdomen includes abdomen muscles, stomach, kidney, liver, and the lower abdomen includes small intestines, and large intestines, colon, and rectum. At last posterior part include the spine and glutes.
Bear crawl exercises primarily focus on strengthening your muscle and enhancing muscle power. It also improves your metabolism and enhances the health of your heart.
How to do it?
Bent down on your knee and get down on your hands, also the back should be straight and flat. Start walking in this position with your right foot and left arm forward, similarly with the left foot and right arm forward. That complete one repeat. Do this in 2-3 sets of 15-20 times each for 5 minutes.
Do Skipping for 45 minutes and you can burn more than 450 calories. Studies indicate that skipping works on the muscles of your shoulder, glutes, calves, and quad areas which leads to burning a lot of calories.
How to do it?
Stand straight with the gap between your feet corresponding to your shoulder-width apart and hold the handle of the rope tightly. Swing the rope at top of your head and jump quickly as the rope comes below your feet. The exercise might require a little bit of practice to get a flow at a faster rate but eventually, it will get better with regular practice.
