The Domestic Water Buffalo showcases impressive versatility and resilience

The Carabaoes or swamp buffaloes are a subspecies of the water buffalo native to the Philippines2. Farmers rely on carabaos, which have become indispensable to the country’s agricultural industry and cultural heritage.

The Tamaraw is a small, solitary buffalo species endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines. It stands about 3.3 feet tall at the shoulder and weighs around 660 pounds, making it one of the smallest buffalo species.

The Lowland Anoa is a small buffalo species, standing only about 2.5 feet tall at the shoulder and weighing up to 300 pounds. Endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, these creatures possess a dark brown coat with long, thin, straight horns.

The Mountain Anoa or Quarle's anoa is another small type of buffalo found only in Indonesia's mountainous regions of Sulawesi Island. Typically, it stands only about 2.5 feet tall and weighs approximately 150-300 pounds.

Leung Siu-wah, 68, locally known as "Buffalo Jean" as she has been voluntarily looking after the buffalos for 12 years, wants the government to improve management of construction waste and do more to preserve the wetlands. "They look for food in every nook and cranny," she said.

A Cape buffalo, a subspecies of African buffalo, grazes in Kenya's Lewa Wildlife Conservancy with a red-billed oxpecker on its back.

It’s easy to understand why people confuse bison and buffalo. Both are large, horned, oxlike animals of the Bovidae family. There are two kinds of bison, the American bison and the European bison, and two forms of buffalo, water buffalo and Cape buffalo. However, it’s not difficult to distinguish between them, especially if you focus on the three H’s: home, hump, and horns.

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