Global warming results from excess heat-trapping greenhouse gases  (GHGs) in the earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant GHG and, therefore, is considered the primary driver of rising atmospheric temperatures. GHG emissions are also called carbon emissions.

The daily level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per million for the first time in human history in 20136. Despite valiant efforts made so far, the amount of daily carbon dioxide is hovering over 420 ppm.

The changing climate has far-reaching consequences for human society. Unfortunately, the consequences are not fairly distributed. Although developed countries are the major contributors to climate change, the effects are felt more in developing countries. 

Climate change impacts our environment, economy, physical well-being, and the fabric of society. The rise in sea level increases flooding incidents in coastal communities. Extreme weather events like hurricanes, forest fires, floods, heat waves, and tropical storms are lasting longer and happening more frequently.

Climate change can also affect air quality by increasing ground-level ozone. Agriculture depends on stable climate conditions; therefore, unprecedented droughts, floods, heatwaves, etc., can result in food insecurity. Furthermore, climate change can influence health-determining factors and gravely endanger human health.

Renewable energy is one of the most talked-about climate solutions. It involves harnessing energy from sources other than fossil fuels, such as wind, solar, biomass, hydro, tidal energy, etc.

Embracing the various types of renewable energy has many benefits for climate adaptation. Although it starts out pricey, it can lower long-term energy costs, which is particularly great for low-income communities.

Also, extreme weather events can destabilize the energy supply grid. Most renewable energy options are off-grid and would keep essential services going.

We cannot adapt to climate change without changing how we use land. Land acquisition so far has been based solely on enriching a few pockets. That results in over-exploitation of natural resources, and many people, especially marginalized communities and indigenous people, get victimized in the process.

As climate change begins to impact the availability of natural resources and the viability of land, conflicts may arise. Strong institutions and robust policies are needed to reduce the risk of conflicts.

We need land for conservation, relocating people, shelters, and other purposes. We must also learn how to share the land more harmoniously with nature and other people.

Food security is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. The availability of food for people of any class and state, gender or religion is another element of food security. Similarly, household food security is considered to exist when all the members of a family, at all times, have access to enough food for an active, healthy life.[1] Individuals who are food-secure do not live in hunger or fear of starvation.[2] Food security includes resilience to future disruptions of food supply. Such a disruption could occur due to various risk factors such as droughts and floods, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, and wars.[3] Food insecurity is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food.

The Seven-Spotted Ladybug, or Sevenspotted Lady Beetle, originates from Europe and is now a common resident in gardens and parks. Humans have brought ladybugs to various regions to control aphid populations; they feed on aphids while patrolling plant stems and leaves. 

These beneficial insects’ red forewings feature three black spots each, with an additional spot straddling the wings' junction, lending to its common and scientific name.

Moreover, Seven-Spotted Ladybugs start as eggs, transform into larvae, morph into pupas, and finally emerge as adult ladybeetles. During winter, they enter a dormant phase, called diapause, and huddle together in large clusters, waiting for spring.

The Two-Spotted Ladybug is native to the Palearctic region, which includes Europe, North Africa, and Northern Arabia. Humans have introduced them to North America's gardens and parks. 

As their name suggests, they feature vivid red or orange shells adorned with two bold black spots. They are also natural predators of destructive pests like aphids and scale insects, which makes them an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

The Convergent Ladybug, or Convergent Lady Beetle, is a native species of North America known for its distinctive markings, two white lines merging on its thorax. These white lines are unique to each individual, while the 12 to 13 black spots on its forewings resemble constellations. 

Like many other ladybug species, they are tiny agricultural soldiers. Their primary food source is aphids and other soft-bodied insects; they are nature's pest controllers. The Convergent Ladybug can live in crop fields, forests, and grasslands as long as there is a plentiful supply of aphids. 

These predatory species lay their eggs on the underside of leaves, often near aphid colonies, which serve as a food source for their young ones. Lady beetle eggs usually are spindle-shaped and yellow to orange-red.

The Thirteen-Spotted Ladybug lives in wetland habitats across the North Hemisphere. Its red or orange forewings are adorned with thirteen black spots. 

Their diet helps maintain the balance of gardens and agricultural landscapes. During winter, the beetle hibernates with others of its kind under leaf litter or in other hidden areas, waiting for spring to resume its work.

The multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, or Harlequin, originates from eastern Asia, though humans brought it to the United States and other countries to control pests.

Harlequin ladybugs exhibit three main physical variations. The "succinea" variety ranges from orange to red with up to 22 black spots. 

Conversely, the "conspicua" and "spectabilis" forms are primarily black with two or four red markings, respectively. The pronotum pattern varies, and their undersides are dark, ringed with reddish-brown, matching their brown legs.

Asian Lady Beetles are notorious for being highly invasive. They often overwinter indoors, smell unpleasant when disturbed, and can bite humans. Their threat to native species and the grape industry has led to control methods2, including insecticides, trapping, beetle removal, and blocking building access.

The Fourteen-Spotted Ladybug is native to Europe but can also live in North America and Asia. It has yellow or pale white wings with 14 black spots that often create complex patterns. 

Gardeners and farmers appreciate the insect as a natural pest control agent because it feeds on aphid species. However, it is less efficient than other ladybugs due to its small size and slower feeding habits.