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Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born in a small village in Maharashtra, India, on May 9, 1866. His father was a schoolteacher in the same village, whereas his mother was a housewife. Gokhale had a keen interest in education since his childhood.
Gokhale was a true nationalist and was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress. He was not only a great freedom fighter but also a social reformer, writer, and political thinker. He received his early education in Bombay and Calcutta. Later, Gokhale went to England to study law.
When Gokhale completed his studies, he returned to India and joined Ferguson College, Pune, as a history and political economy professor. Later, he also joined Indian National Congress and played a major role in the struggle for freedom in India.
Gokhale believed in the principles of non-violence and constitutional agitation. He was an advocate of education and believed that education was the key to India's progress. He founded the Servants of India Society, which aimed to promote education, sanitation, and social welfare in India.
Gokhale mentored many Indian nationalist leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, who described him as his political guru. He was known for his diplomatic skills and played a crucial role in negotiating the Morley-Minto Reforms, which gave more representation to Indians in the government.
Unfortunately, Gokhale's health deteriorated rapidly, and he passed away on February 19, 1915, at 48. His death was a significant loss for the Indian nationalist movement, and he is now remembered as one of the most important figures in the Indian independence movement.
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi, whose full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, was born on October 2, 1869, in a small coastal town named Porbandar, which is situated in present-day Gujarat. His father named, Karamchand Gandhi, was a statesman, whereas his mother named, Putlibai, was a very religious woman. Gandhi received his early education in India and studied law in the United Kingdom.
We also know him as the "Father of the Nation" in India due to his major and important role in the country's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. He advocated for non-violent civil disobedience to achieve political and social change, and his ideas and philosophy continue to inspire movements for peace and justice worldwide.
Gandhi's first major involvement in the independence movement came in 1915 when he returned to India from South Africa and began organizing protests and campaigns against British rule. He led the Indian National Congress, a political party that fought for Indian independence, and used peaceful civil disobedience and hunger strikes to make his demands heard.
One of Gandhi's most famous campaigns was the Salt March in 1930, during which he and thousands of supporters marched 240 miles to the Arabian Sea to protest the British monopoly on salt production. The campaign gained international attention and helped to galvanize the independence movement further.
Gandhi's dedication to non-violent resistance and advocacy for religious tolerance and social justice made him a beloved figure in India and worldwide. He continued to work towards independence until 1947, when India finally gained its freedom. Tragically, just months after independence, Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, who was a Hindu nationalist and opposed Gandhi's views on religious tolerance.
Gandhi's legacy inspired generations of activists and advocates for peace and justice worldwide. His ideas of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience have influenced many social and political movements, including the American civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King Jr.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru took birth on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a wealthy lawyer and a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement. His mother, Swaroop Rani Nehru, was an educated woman from a wealthy Kashmiri Brahmin family. Nehru's parents placed great importance on education, and due to this, he went to some of the best schools in India and England.
Nehru's interest in politics was sparked during his time studying law in England, where he was exposed to the ideas of socialism, democracy, and nationalism. He became involved in the Indian nationalist movement and returned to India to become one of the most important leaders in the fight for independence.
Nehru played a major role in India's independence movement, working closely with Mahatma Gandhi to lead non-violent protests and civil disobedience campaigns against British colonial rule. He was imprisoned several times for his activism and was prominent in negotiations with the British government for India's independence.
After India's independence in 1947, Nehru became the country's first prime minister, serving until he died in 1964. During his time in office, he implemented policies to modernize India and improve the lives of its citizens, including establishing a planned economy and a nonaligned foreign policy.
Nehru's death in 1964 was a great loss to the Indian nation. He passed away due to a cardiac attack. Nehru remains an important figure in Indian history, remembered for his role in the independence movement and his contributions to India's development as a modern nation.
Vallabhbhai Patel
The next freedom fighter of India on our list is Vallabhbhai Patel, who was called the Iron Man of India. Patel was one of the key figures who played a major role in India's freedom struggle. He was born in a family of farmers in Gujarat on October 31, 1875. Jhaverbhai Patel, a farmer by occupation, was the father of Patel, and Patel's mother, Laad Bai, was a housewife.
The primary education of Vallabhbhai Patel was completed in his hometown. After completing his primary education, Patel moved to Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to pursue further studies. Later, Patel moved to England to study law, and in the year 1913, when he completed his law degree, he returned to India and started practicing law here.
Patel played a very important and effective role in India's movement for independence. Patel was close to Mahatma Gandhi as his associate, and his role in Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement cannot be forgotten. He became the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of Independent India.
His biggest achievement was that he managed to integrate around 500 princely states into the newly formed independent India. This commendable job done by Patel was incredible in itself. It helped India bring these princely states under the Indian Union, which unified India as a single nation.
Sadly, Vallabhbhai Patel suffered a heart attack at 75, and because of this, he passed away on December 15, 1950. Patel's death was mourned by people all over India as it was a huge loss for the nation. The Sardar Patel National Memorial Museum, located in Ahmedabad, is dedicated to his memory and serves as a reminder of his contributions to India's freedom struggle and unity.
Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Odisha, and was from a well-educated family. It was January 23, 1897, when Subhash Chandra Bose was born. We Indians know him by one more name, which is very popular, i.e., Netaji. His father's name was Janakinath Bose, and he was a professional lawyer, whereas his mother's name was Prabhavati Devi. His mother was a very religious woman, and this part played a very significant role in the upbringing of Netaji.
He was a bright student since his childhood and completed his graduation from Calcutta University. The teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi influenced him a lot. In 1921, Netaji joined Indian National Congress, too, as he was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi then. After some time, he became a very important and effective leader of the Indian National Congress.
Bose believed that India should fight for its independence even if it had to choose force and violence against the British. But, thoughts of Gandhi were exactly the opposite of it; he was not a supporter of violence and believed that independence could be achieved without violence. This non-violent approach of Gandhi to get freedom was criticized by Bose.
Bose chose his path, formed the All India Forward Bloc in 1939, and started his attempts to make Indian National Army (INA) so that he could fight against the Britishers and throw them out of India. During World War II, he allied with the Japanese and led the INA in battles against the British in Burma and Northeast India.
Despite his efforts for the Indian independence movement, Bose's life was cut short. On August 18, 1945, Bose died in a plane crash in Taipei, Taiwan. However, many conspiracy theories surrounding his death persist.
Bose was a passionate and charismatic leader who inspired many Indians to fight for their freedom. He will always be remembered as one of the greatest patriots and freedom fighters in Indian history.
Sarojini Naidu
The next freedom fighter of India on our list is Sarojini Naidu, also known as the Nightingale of India. She was not just a freedom fighter but an amazing poet also. She was born in Hyderabad on February 13, 1879. Her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, was a scientist, educator, and philosopher, whereas her mother, Barada Sundari Devi, was a poet. Sarojini had a keen interest in literature and writing from a young age. She did not go to any school for her early education and was homeschooled by her parents with a quality education.
Her role in India's struggle for freedom was very important as she used her charisma and eloquence to encourage people and make them aware of why there is a need to fight for the freedom of their country together. She was a member of the Indian National Congress, where many leaders used to appraise her work. She was a very eloquent and powerful speaker. She used this quality to encourage people all over India to unite and fight for their freedom. She also faced imprisonment several times like our other freedom fighters, as she was also a part of the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.
As she was a renowned poetess, some of her works got published too, which includes "The Golden Threshold", "The Bird of Time", and "The Broken Wings". We can see the immense love of Naidu for her country in her poetry. Her poetry often portrayed her deep concern for the bad condition of people in the nation.
She is known as "The Nightingale of India" for her contributions to India's independence struggle and her literary achievements. She also became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress in 1925. Her achievements continued further, and later in 1947, she was appointed governor of the United Provinces, present-day Uttar Pradesh.
Sadly, Sarojini Naidu's health started deteriorating in the later years of her life, and she passed away on March 2, 1949, at 70. Her death was a great loss to India, as she had dedicated her entire life to the cause of Indian independence and had left an indelible mark on the country's cultural and political landscape.
Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad was affectionately known as Rajan Babu and was a key figure in India's Independence Movement. We should know that he was also the first President of Independent India. He was from Bihar and was born in Zeradei, which is in Bihar. He was born on December 3, 1884. His father was Mahadev Sahai, and his mother was Kamleshwari Devi.
Prasad's father was a Sanskrit scholar, and he taught Sanskrit to his son, also. Prasad later went to Calcutta for further education and was admitted to the Presidency College of Calcutta. He earned his MA in Economics from the University of Calcutta. When Prasad completed his studies, he also started practicing as a lawyer at Calcutta High Court.
He actively participated in the movement for India's Independence and became a prominent member of the Indian National Congress. He also participated actively in many events like Salt Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. He, too, got arrested several times for his activism.
India became a republic in 1950, and Rajendra Prasad was elected the first president of independent India. He got the opportunity to serve the country as a President for two terms, i.e., from 1950 to 1962. He was known for his simplicity, honesty, and dedication to the welfare of the people.
When Prasad took retirement from politics, he returned to his village in Bihar and devoted himself to social work, education, and writing. Sadly, he passed away on February 28, 1963, at 78, due to a heart attack.
Rajendra Prasad was a man of great integrity and a true patriot. His contributions to the Indian independence movement and his leadership as the first President of independent India will always be remembered and celebrated.
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